Add time:09/02/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

The isocyanate-based polymers, including polyurethanes, polyureas, polyisocyanurates, and their copolymers, are found in the broadest range of applications. This comes from the high reactivity of the isocyanate group with any of the number of active hydrogen-containing molecules, of which the polyalcohols are available in profusion. In addition, varying molar mass, functionality, degree of cross-linking, precursor monomers of these polyols, along with synthesis route (either one-shot or two-shot methods), coreactants, additives, allow a huge variety of polyurethane products to be manufactured. These polymers range from those with supersoft, low-modulus to hard, high-modulus materials. Secondary isocyanate reactions further increase the complexity and broaden the application of these materials. Cellular polymers are most important, with flexible polyurethane and urethane–urea copolymers dominating the cushioning foam market. The rigid and intermediate modulus foam and CASE (acronym from coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers) market are also important. Rigid foams are important for in situ applications. While some of these polymers are shaped using traditional thermoplastic and rubber process equipment, most are converted using dual-component process equipment (e.g., RIM). Semicontinuous slabstock production is most important in foam production and unique to the isocyanate polymer industry. End uses are broad, ranging from foams, coatings, and adhesives for furniture; fibers for clothing; insulation foams and coatings in the construction industry; and a large variety of uses in the automotive sectors, to the unexpected, for example, fletches for archery arrows or “mock” oak antique paneling.

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