Add time:09/02/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses physical and chemical properties of glassy and liquid silicates. The structure that emerges from studies of glass is that of a metastable solid, which undergoes structural change to the equilibrium crystalline form extremely slowly. In everyday applications, the properties of the glassy state can be described as those of an amorphous material, which has the properties of a “stiff” liquid. X-ray diffraction studies of the solid glasses show a random structure in which the basic units are the SiO4 tetrahedra interspersed with metal cations. The oxygen ions function either as bridges between the tetrahedra with two-fold coordination to silicon atoms, or as corners of the tetrahedra with one bond to silicon, the fraction of the latter component increasing with the metal oxide/silica ratio, as in the solid silicates. The tangled structure of a frozen glass is responsible for the stiffness in the solid state, but in the liquid state the properties, such as viscosity, are a marked function of the cation composition of the silicate melt, decreasing by as much as a factor of ten depending on the metal/silica ratio.

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