Add time:09/04/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Iron chloride and iron naphthenate have been used as model contaminants to simulate the deleterious effects of this metal on commercial FCCs. The study of catalysts contaminated with different iron sources shows that the iron content alone cannot account for the metal effects. Its distribution on the catalyst together with the iron source are the key factors, which determine iron-catalyst interactions. Iron poisoning is mainly caused by larger molecular compounds such as iron naphthenate.With iron naphthenate as the iron source, iron was enriched on the FCC surface and caused significantchanges of catalyst properties, such as crystallinity, surface area, pore volume and total acidity that reduced catalytic performance. In contrast, small iron species such as iron chloride had little influence on unit performance. Similar conclusions can be drawn by analyzing industrial equilibrium catalysts from different industrial units.In addition, the iron-enriched nodules of a iron-poisoned catalyst can react to form on its surfacemelted iron oxide congregation and separate iron oxides conglomerates.

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