Add time:08/30/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

While various nanoparticles are being increasingly utilized in many sectors of the economy, there is growing interest in the environmental and biological safety linked to their preparation. Green nanotechnology provides tools for the transformation of biological systems to green approaches to nanomaterial synthesis, while preventing any associated toxicity. Due to the large number of toxic chemicals and extreme environments employed in the physicochemical production of these nanoparticles, green methods employ the use of biological sources. Through integrating the principles of green chemistry and engineering, green nanotechnology can produce safe and eco-friendly metal nanoparticles that do not use toxic chemicals in their synthesis. This chapter is a comprehensive study of the types of phytochemicals used in the synthesis of nanoparticles including proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, glycosides, essential oils, and phenolic-based chemicals. It also provides the preparation methods used for different biological sources. Generally, the main role of natural plant biomolecules is involved with the bioreduction of metal salts during nanoparticle preparation. Furthermore, this chapter provides important examples of the effective use of plant extracts to obtain biosynthesized nanoparticles.

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