Add time:08/30/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Wine trade and consumption have diversified during the last 150 years from barrels to mainly glass bottles with different types of closures. As the bottling process has an influence on the appearance at the point of sale and on the final consumption, it is necessary to consider effects on the wine for quality, product safety, and respecting economic limits. Modern filling technologies try to avoid irregular effects that can be caused by oxygen or microorganisms. Furthermore, chemical and physical contaminants like disinfectants or broken glass have to be avoided. The choice of the filling method has a great impact on the level of oxygen uptake before bottling and the migration of oxygen passing through the closure after bottling. Shelf life can be extended without needing to undergo a ripening process in the bottle. Product stability, behavior, and development can be planned and finally meet the consumer’s expectations.

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