Add time:08/31/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses chemical and biochemical reactions The various forms of folic acid serve as coenzymes in several important biochemical reactions and concomitantly serve as a pool of 1-carbon units to be used in the synthesis of cellular constituents such as the amino acid methionine, the purine bases, thymine, and choline. Folic acid coenzymes participate in oxidation–reduction reactions which change the oxidation level of the single carbon substituent. Folic acid function in the methylation of homocysteine to methionine is important not only to provide methionine as an essential amino acid but also because the methyl group of methionine serves as the source of methyl groups in compounds such as choline and creatine. The dihydrofolate formed in this reaction must be reduced to tetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolic acid reductase before it can participate again in thymidylic acid biosynthesis. The folic acid antagonists such as aminopterin inhibit thymidylate synthesis in vivo by blocking the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.

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