Add time:09/03/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

The root of the ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) is rich in bioactive phytochemicals, including phenolic gingerols and gingerol-derived shogaols responsible for many of the reported medicinal properties of ginger root extract. Gingerol homologs are differentiated based on the length of their unbranched alkyl side chain. The most abundant form of gingerol in ginger root is 6-gingerol, which when dehydrated yields 6-shogaol. The other gingerol homologs are less abundant but, in many cases, are more potent. In this chapter, we review the current literature on gingerols and shogaols in relation to their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties that point to the potential use of these ginger phenolics for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer and other diseases associated with chronic inflammation. Gingerol and shogaol toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and interactions with other drugs are discussed in the context of their possible clinical utility. The molecular basis of the anticancer and antiinflammatory effects of gingerols and shogaols are also described, which provides a strong rationale for further investigations of the medicinal effects of these ginger phenolics in preclinical models of cancer and various inflammatory disorders as a prelude to clinical trials.

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