Add time:09/03/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Quinidine is the d-isomer of quinine. Quinidine is an important class Ia antiarrhythmic drug. It is among the few effective drugs in Brugada Syndrome and in Short QT Syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that it could also be useful in a few non cardiological conditions including pseudobulbar affect and migrating partial seizures of infancy. Quinidine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in a use- and state-dependent manner. It also acts on several classes of voltage gated K+ channels including delayed rectifiers and KCNT1 channels. The main adverse effects of quinidine are cardiovascular and include torsade des points and hypotension. Quinidine also causes gastrointestinal disturbances and has been associated to immunological complications including thrombocytopenia and a lupus-like syndrome. Acute poisoning with quinidine, also known as cinchonism, has a typical clinical presentation with flushing, sweating, gastrointestinal symptoms blurred vision, diplopia, altered color perception, tinnitus, decreased auditory acuity and vertigo. At higher quinidine concentrations neurological and cardiovascular effects become prevalent.

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