Add time:09/04/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

The stability of lamotrigine (LMG) and its principal human metabolite, lamotrigine N2-glucuronide (LMG-N2-G), was studied as a function of pH (4–9). While LMG was stable across the entire pH range, under neutral-basic conditions, LMG-N2-G was converted to three transformation products (TPs) which were identified using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The MS fragmentation studies indicated that two TPs were the result of the hydrolysis of the amidine and guanidine moieties. The third TP detected was an intermediate in the guanidine hydrolysis reaction. In order to evaluate the transformation kinetics of the LMG-N2-G degradation, another set of pH-dependent experiments was carried out in hospital effluent, wastewater influent and effluent spiked at 20 and 200 nM after pH adjustment (pH 6.5, 7, 8, 8.5 and 9), demonstrating that, at higher pH, LMG-N2-G is degraded at higher rate. Later, the pH-dependent stability of related compounds with different nitrogen N2-substituents (N2-R) on the 1,2,4-triazine ring was studied. This revealed that because of different imino tautomer equilibrium LMG (N2-H) and LMG-N2-oxide (+N2-O−) were stable at all pHs but N2-methyl-LMG (N2-CH3) as well as LMG-N2-G were susceptible to amidine and guanidine hydrolysis at basic pH. Finally, hospital effluent samples collected over the course of one week were monitored for their presence. LMG, LMG-N2-G and two of its TPs were detected with concentrations ranging between 0.01 and 1 μgL−1.

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