Add time:09/25/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the characterization of the predominant factors that govern the liver synthesis of plasma proteins. The cytokines are known to influence the levels of plasma proteins. The cytokines stimulate the commencement of the acute-phase reaction in the liver, resulting in increased levels of specific plasma proteins or positive reactants and diminution of negative reactants in the circulation. The best understood cytokines controlling plasma protein expression are interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα; cachectin), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemic inhibitory factor (LIF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and interferon-γ (IFNγ). Cytokines can be induced by endotoxins, by other cytokines, or by themselves. Cytokines act through receptors on other cells or their own cells; the synthesis of the cyokines by macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells is controlled in an autocrine manner where the cytokine and its receptor promote their own synthesis. The chapter describes the properties of the cytokines that are known to induce or reduce plasma protein gene expression.

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