Add time:09/07/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the hazard identification, toxicity, and metabolism of sulfuryl fluoride. It is an odorless, colorless gas with a melting point of –135.82 °C and a boiling point of –55.38 °C. The vapor pressure is 1.3 × 104 torr at 25 °C. The solubility in water is 0.75 g/kg at 25 °C. Sulfuryl fluoride is used to control a wide variety of pests, including termites, cockroaches, clothes moths, bedbugs, rodents, and carpet beetles. Initial concentrations in fumigated structures are typically 2000–4000 ppm, although other concentrations may be used depending upon the target pest to be controlled, temperature, and the length of the exposure period. Sulfuryl fluoride is restricted to use only by certified applicators. Because sulfuryl fluoride is a gas, structures are completely sealed prior to fumigation and a small amount of chloropicrin is introduced into the structure to warn people and animals that the structure is being fumigated. If it comes into direct contact with skin, it can result in frostbite. Animals exposed to lethal doses of sulfuryl fluoride had tremors and convulsions. The dermal route does not appear to play a significant role in the toxicity of sulfuryl fluoride. Individuals have entered structures during fumigation with sulfuryl fluoride and were found dead or died shortly after exposure. The cause of death appeared to be severe pulmonary edema with congestion. The fumigation site cannot be reoccupied until aeration is complete. Only an approved detection device of sufficient sensitivity, such as the INTERSCAN, MIRAN, or Spectros ExplorIR gas analyzer, can be used to confirm a concentration of sulfuryl fluoride is 1 ppm or less.

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