Add time:09/09/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

DL-alfa-hydroxy-isocaproic acid (HICA), also known as leucic acid or DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid, is an alfa-hydroxyl acid metabolite of leucine. According to clinical and experimental studies, HICA can be considered as an anticatabolic substance that may also increase muscle protein synthesis in some situations. Although leucine has a unique role as a promoter of protein synthesis, metabolites of leucine may be more effective in preventing breakdown of proteins, particularly muscle proteins. A 4-week supplementation period with HICA (1.5 g daily) increased whole-body lean mass in soccer players. This increase (∼0.5 kg) was more pronounced in lower extremities, and the soccer players had milder delayed-onset muscular soreness (DOMS) symptoms after using HICA than placebo subjects. Anyway there were no changes in physical performance of athletes even though the muscle mass of lower extremities increased significantly. It was speculated that very short study period or insufficient protein consumption (1.6–1.7 g/kg per day) was the possible reason for not observing improved performance. In conclusion, HICA has been recently reported to enhance recovery and muscle protein synthesis in rodents. In humans the available evidence suggests that HICA may relieve DOMS symptoms and can increase lean mass during training. Therefore HICA may be beneficial for high-intensity training athletes who often experience stiff and sore muscles, which limit effective training, but more long-term and mechanistic studies are needed.

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