Add time:09/30/2019         Source:infona.pl

There is a limited amount of information available about taste as a discriminative stimulus in non-human primates. The objective of this study was to establish a bitter taste (quinine sulfate) as a cue for lever selection and food reward in rhesus monkeys. Training took place in a series of steps that culminated in a schedule in which five lip contacts on a spout produced either quinine solution or water, followed by an opportunity to earn a food pellet by completing 20 presses on one of two levers. Responses on one of the levers resulted in food delivery if the solution contained quinine; responses on the other lever resulted in food delivery if the solution was water. A single session consisted of 100 randomly ordered taste trials with a 60-s interval between each trial. All of the animals acquired the discrimination, and the lowest quinine concentration that maintained consistent behavior was 0.3 mg/ml. To assess the specificity of the discrimination, compounds from other human taste categories were tested. A series of compounds that are detected as bitter by humans (caffeine, 1.5103 M; strychnine, 9104 M; PTC, 6105 M, denatonium benzoate, 2.24104 M; and urea, 3.0101 M) produced full generalization to the quinine sulfate discriminative stimulus, while sweet (sucrose, 2.9102 M) and salty (sodium chloride, 1.4 M) stimuli did not. There was individual variation among animals in response to sour compounds; acetic acid did not generalize to quinine, but HCl acid produced full generalization in one of three animals. These results suggest that a bitter taste cue is controlling the quinine discrimination.

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