13453-07-1 Usage
Description
Gold trichloride, also known as chloroauric acid, is a chemical compound with the formula AuCl3. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a monoclinic structure. Gold trichloride is prepared by dissolving gold in aqua regia and can be heated to form dark red crystals. It is used in various applications across different industries due to its unique properties.
Uses
1. Used in Photography:
Gold trichloride is used as a print toning agent (gold toning) for enhancing the quality and appearance of photographic prints.
2. Used in Gold Plating:
Gold trichloride serves as an anode in an electric cell for electroplating and electroless plating, providing a layer of gold on various surfaces.
3. Used in Special Inks:
Gold trichloride is used as a component in the production of special inks, which are utilized in various applications such as printing and art.
4. Used in Medicine:
Gold trichloride acts as a catalyst in the pharmaceutical industry, aiding in the synthesis of various drugs and compounds.
5. Used in Ceramics:
Gold trichloride is used in the ceramics industry for applications such as enamels, gilding, and painting porcelain.
6. Used in Glass Manufacturing:
Gold trichloride is employed in the glass industry for gilding and the production of ruby glass.
7. Used in the Manufacture of Finely Divided Gold and Purple of Cassius:
Gold trichloride serves as a precursor for the preparation of ultra-pure gold metal and the production of Purple of Cassius, a pigment.
8. Used in Colloidal Gold Solutions:
Gold trichloride is used to create colloidal gold solutions, which have various applications in fields such as electronics, biology, and medicine.
Physical Properties:
Gold trichloride is characterized by its red monoclinic crystals, which deliquesce and sublime at 180°C (760 torr). It has a density of 4.7 g/cm3 and is highly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, and slightly soluble in liquid ammonia.
Chemical Properties:
Gold trichloride exists as a dimer, Au2Cl6, and its crystals range from orange-red to dark red. It decomposes easily at 175°C to form gold(I) chloride and chlorine, and at higher temperatures, it decomposes to produce gold and chlorine.
Preparation
Gold(III) chloride may be produced by the combination of metallic gold with chlorine gas at elevated temperatures:
2Au + 3Cl2 → 2AuCl3
It may be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of iodine monochloride with metallic gold:
2Au + 6ICl → 2AuCl3 + 3I2
The compound should be stored tightly closed and protected from light.
Reactions
When heated at 254oC, gold(III) chloride decomposes to gold(I) chloride and chlorine.
Passing hydrogen sulfide into an ether solution of the compound yields gold(III) sulfide, Au2S3.
A similar reaction occurs when alcoholic solutions of gold(III) chloride and hydrogen selenide are mixed, producing gold(III) selenide, Au2Se3, a black amorphous solid.
Gold(III) chloride may be reduced readily to metallic gold by common reducing agents. Thus, reduction with stannous chloride in dilute aqueous medium yields colloidal gold in which the atom carries a negative charge. “Cassius purple” is produced from the oxidation of tin to form H2Sn(OH)6, which protects colloidal gold from coagulation, imparting ruby red color to the solution.
Gold(III) chloride reacts with ammonia forming a gold(III)-nitrogen derivative, an explosive product, known as, “fulminate of gold”. Reaction with Grignard reagent, RMgX in ether yields dialkyl gold(III) chloride, R2AuCl3, which may be converted readily to other dialkyl gold(III) complexes by replacement of the chloride anion by a donor ligand.
Safety Profile
Experimental
reproductive effects. Human mutation data
reported. Reaction with ammonia or
ammonium salts yields fulminating gold, a
heat-, friction-, and impact-sensitive
explosive similar to mercury and silver
fulminates. See also GOLD COMPOUNDS
and CHLORIDES. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 13453-07-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,3,4,5 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 13453-07:
(7*1)+(6*3)+(5*4)+(4*5)+(3*3)+(2*0)+(1*7)=81
81 % 10 = 1
So 13453-07-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Au.3ClH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3/rAuCl3/c2-1(3)4
13453-07-1Relevant articles and documents
Lenher, V.
, p. 354 - 355 (1902)
Waters, W. A.
, p. 1077 (1938)
Improvement of photocatalytic activity of titanium (IV) oxide by dispersion of Au on TiO2
Gao, Y.-M.,Lee, W.,Trehan, R.,Kershaw, R.,Dwight, K.,Wold, A.
, p. 1247 - 1254 (1991)
The photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds in an aqueous solution containing a suspension of titanium(IV) oxide is a comparatively new method for removing impurities from water. TiO2 samples were prepared by two procedures, and their catalytic activities in the degradation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene were compared to samples of commercial TiO2. It was found that the dispersion of gold onto the surface of the oxide powders greatly increased their photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal properties of [Ir(NH 3)5Cl][AuCl4]Cl
Plyusnin,Baidina,Shubin,Korenev
, p. 1834 - 1840 (2008/10/09)
A double complex salt [Ir(NH3)5Cl][AuCl 4]Cl is synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. Its crystal data follows: a = 17.369(4) ?, b = 7.7990(16) ?, c = 11.218(2) ?, V = 1430.5(5) ?3, space group C2/m, Z = 4, ρ calcd = 3.19 g/cm3, R = 0.0447. Thermolysis in air, hydrogen, and helium is studied. Copyright
Rh2Cl2(CO)4 adsorbed and tethered on gold powder: IR spectroscopic characterization and olefin hydrogenation activity
Gao,Angelici
, p. 578 - 586 (2007/10/03)
Catalysts were prepared by adsorbing Rh2Cl2(CO)4 directly on gold powder or on gold that contained the tethered ligands 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethane-1-thiol (DPET) or methyl 2-mercaptonicotinate (MMNT). Infrared (IR) studies (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT)) of the catalyst Rh-Au prepared by adsorbing Rh2Cl2(CO)4 directly on Au indicate that a RhI(CO)2 species is present. IR studies of Rh-DPET-Au suggest that tethered cis-Rh(DPET)(CO)2Cl is the major species at relatively high Rh2Cl2(CO)4 loadings, but trans-Rh(DPET)2(CO)Cl is observable at low Rh2Cl2(CO)4 loadings. Spectral investigations of the catalyst Rh-MMNT-Au prepared by adsorbing Rh2Cl2(CO)4 on MMNT-Au suggest that tethered [cis-Rh(MMNT)2(CO)2]+Cl- and (or) Rh(MMNT)(CO)2Cl are the major species at low Rh2Cl2(CO)4 loadings, while a new unidentified species predominates at high Rh2Cl2(CO)4 loadings. All three catalysts are active 1-hexene hydrogenation catalysts under the mild conditions of 40°C and 1 atm of H2; they are much more active than Au powder or Rh2Cl2(CO)4 in solution. Of the three catalysts, Rh-Au is the most active with a maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of 800 mol H2 per mol Rh per min while its turnover (TO) is 29 600 mol H2 per mol Rh during a 2-hour run. Under the conditions of 1-hexene hydrogenation, the catalysts lose their CO ligands. Thus, it appears that a form of Rh metal on Au is the catalytically active species.