Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) Background Peppermint is a flowering plant that grows throughout Europe and North America. Peppermint is widely cultivated for its fragrant oil. Peppermint oi

Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) Background The dried aerial parts of passion flower ( Passiflora incarnata ) have historically been used as a sedative an

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), Background Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is essential to all life and is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), a molecule that is necessary for n

Omega-3 , , alpha-linolenic acid Background  Dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fish oil and certain plant/nut oils. Fish oil contains both docosahexaenoic

(Vitamin B3, ), Niacinamide Contents of this page:   Background Synonyms Evidence Dosing Safety Interactions Methodology Sel

Background Melatonin is a hormone produced in the brain by the pineal gland from the amino acid tryptophan. The synthesis and release of melatonin are stimulated by darkne

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) and DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) Background The medicinally used part of licorice is the root and dried rhizome of the low-growing shr

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller) Background Lavender is native to the Mediterranean, the Arabian Peninsula, Russia, and Africa. It has been used cosmetically and me

Lactobacillus acidophilus Background Lactobacilli are bacteria that normally live in the human small intestine and vagina.  Lactobacillus acidophilus  is generall

Kava (Piper methysticum G. Forst) Contents of this page:   Background Synonyms Evidence Dosing Safety Interactions Methodology

Background Iron is an essential mineral and an important component of proteins involved in oxygen transport and metabolism. Iron is also an essential cofactor in the synth

(I) Background Iodine is an element (atomic number 53) that is required by humans for the synthesis of hormones (triiodothyronine/T3 and thyroxine/T4). Chronic i

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) Background Horsetail ( Equisetum arvense ) has traditionally been used in Europe as a diuretic for the treatment of edema (swelli

Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) Background Horse chestnut seed extract (HCSE) is widely used in Europe for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), a syndrome that ma

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) Background Green tea is made from the dried leaves of  Camellia sinensis , a perennial evergreen shrub. Green tea has a long history

Background Glucosamine is a natural compound that is found in healthy cartilage. is a normal constituent of glycoaminoglycans in cartilage matrix and synovial fluid.

Ginkgo ( L.) Background  Ginkgo biloba  has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Today, it is one of the top selling herbs in the United States.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Background The rhizomes and stems of ginger have assumed significant roles in Chinese, Japanese, and Indian medicine since the 1500s. The oleoresin of ginge

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Background Numerous controlled trials have examined the effects of oral garlic on serum lipids. Long-term effects on lipids or cardiovascular mor

Folate (folic acid) Contents of this page:   Background Synonyms Evidence Dosing Safety Interactions Methodology Selected ref