109-19-3Relevant articles and documents
Catalytic synthesis of butyl isovalerate by br?nsted acidic ionic liquid under microwave irradiation
Du, Huan,He, Yanfei,Tan, Zhongqin,Han, Xiaoxiang
, p. 7675 - 7678 (2013)
Butyl isovalerate was synthesized from isovaleric acid and butanol with ionic liquid as catalysts under microwave irradiation. The systematic study was investigated including of the effects of molar ratio of acid to alcohol, microwave power, amount of catalyst, microwave time and microwave temperature on the process. The optimum operation conditions were as follows: n(butanol):n(isovaleric acid) = 1.6:1, microwave power 500 W, amount of catalyst of 6 wt % to isovaleric acid, microwave time of 0.5 h and microwave temperature of 110 °C. The yield of butyl isovalerate could reach 92.1 % under the optimal operation conditions mentioned above. The excellent durability and recycle ability of ionic liquids were also addressed even after five times reused.
Quarternary Ammonium Salts for Butylation and Mass Spectral Identification of Volatile Organic Acids
Burke, Daniel G.,Halpern, Berthold
, p. 822 - 826 (1983)
The esterification method described by Greeley (J.Chromatogr. 1974, 88, 229) was modified to overcome the problem of volatile acid evaporation during sample workup procedures.After solvent extraction from an aqueous sample, the acids were converted to their butyl ester derivatives in a two step process.Firstly, an involatile quarternary ammonium salts was formed which allowed concentration by solvent evaporation without loss of volatile acids.The acid salts were then converted to butyl esters by heating in the presence of n-butyl bromide and the esters were separated on a support- coated open tabular (SCOT) OV17 capillary column.The recovery and butylation yield were shown to be quantitative for isobutyric acid and the linearities and limits of detection are given for the five C4-C5 aliphatic acids.The mass spectra of butyl esters contain abundant rearrangement ions not present in methyl, ethyl, trimethylsilyl, or aryl esters which enable their rapid identification.The method was applied to the analysis of volatile urinary acids from a patient with Maple Syrup Urine Disease and showed conclusively the presence of both 2-methylbutyric and isovaleric acids.
Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of olefins in the presence of palladium phosphine complexes: High activity and regioselectivity
Chepaikin,Bezruchenko,Suerbaev,Shalmagambetov
, p. 117 - 121 (2007/10/03)
Several types of catalyst systems were examined in the olefin hydroalkoxycarbonylation reaction. The systems contained Pd(PPh 3)4, PdCl2(PPh3)2, or some other palladium compounds as a principal component. The second component (promoter) was p-toluenesulfonic acid or diphenyl(m-sulfophenyl)phosphine, which combines both the ligand and promoter functions. An important feature of these systems is their high activity in the hydroalkoxycarbonylation of ethylene and a high regioselectivity (83-100%) in the hydroalkoxycarbonylation of α-olefins with respect to linear products. Thus, it was unnecessary to introduce additional stabilizing ligands to augment the catalyst and promoter. The esters obtained can find application in the pharmaceutical industry and perfumery, as well as in other industries. Nauka/Interperiodica 2006.