51131-85-2Relevant articles and documents
Oxidation of ellipticine with Fremy's salt under sonochemical conditions
Pautet,Formisyn,Bourgois
, p. 499 - 500 (1993)
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Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel bisellipticines and bisisoellipticines
Obaza-Nutaitis, Judy A.,Gribble, Gordon W.
, p. 171 - 187 (2019/07/31)
A series of bis-ellipticines 7-9 and bis-isoellipticines 10-12 tethered through the indole nitrogen was synthesized and screened for antitumor cytotoxicity in the L-1210 murine leukemia assay. Activity was only displayed by 1,10-bis(6-ellipticinyl)-?-decane (8).
SMALL MOLECULES TARGETING REPEAT r(CGG) SEQUENCES
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, (2015/11/16)
The invention provides a series of bioactive small molecules that target expanded r(CGG) repeats, termed r(CGG)exp, that causes Fragile X-associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). The compound was identified by using information on the chemotypes and RNA motifs that interact. Specifically, 9-hydroxy-5,11-dimethyl-2-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazol-2-ium, binds the 5′CG/3′GGC motifs in r(CGG)exp and disrupts a toxic r(CGG)exp-protein complex. Specifically, dimeric compounds incorporating two 9-hydroxyellipticine analog structures can even more potently bind the 5′CGG/3′GGC motifs in r(CGG)exp and disrupts a toxic r(CGG)exp-protein complex. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies determined that the alkylated pyridyl and phenolic side chains are important chemotypes that drive molecular recognition of r(CGG) repeats, such as r(CGG)exp. Importantly, the compound is efficacious in FXTAS model cellular systems as evidenced by its ability to improve FXTAS-associated pre-mRNA splicing defects and to reduce the size and number of r(CGG)exp-protein aggregates.
Cytochrome b5 increases cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated activation of anticancer drug ellipticine to 13-hydroxyellipticine whose covalent binding to DNA is elevated by sulfotransferases and N,O-acetyltransferases
Stiborova, Marie,Indra, Radek,Moserova, Michaela,Cerna, Vera,Rupertova, Martina,Martinek, Vaclav,Eckschlager, Tomas,Kizek, Rene,Frei, Eva
experimental part, p. 1075 - 1085 (2012/08/13)
The antineoplastic alkaloid ellipticine is a prodrug, whose pharmacological efficiency is dependent on its cytochrome P450 (P450)- and/or peroxidase-mediated activation in target tissues. The P450 3A4 enzyme oxidizes ellipticine to five metabolites, mainly to 13-hydroxy- and 12- hydroxyellipticine, the metabolites responsible for the formation of ellipticine-13-ylium and ellipticine-12-ylium ions that generate covalent DNA adducts. Cytochrome b5 alters the ratio of ellipticine metabolites formed by P450 3A4. While the amounts of the detoxication metabolites (7-hydroxy- and 9-hydroxyellipticine) were not changed with added cytochrome b5, 12-hydroxy- and 13-hydroxyellipticine, and ellipticine N 2-oxide increased considerably. The P450 3A4-mediated oxidation of ellipticine was significantly changed only by holo-cytochrome b5, while apo-cytochrome b5 without heme or Mn-cytochrome b5 had no such effect. The change in amounts of metabolites resulted in an increased formation of covalent ellipticine-DNA adducts, one of the DNA-damaging mechanisms of ellipticine antitumor action. The amounts of 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine formed by P450 3A4 were similar, but more than 7-fold higher levels of the adduct were formed by 13-hydroxyellipticine than by 12-hydroxyellipticine. The higher susceptibility of 13-hydroxyellipticine toward heterolytic dissociation to ellipticine-13-ylium in comparison to dissociation of 12-hydroxyellipticine to ellipticine-12-ylium, determined by quantum chemical calculations, explains this phenomenon. The amounts of the 13- hydroxyellipticine-derived DNA adduct significantly increased upon reaction of 13-hydroxyellipticine with either 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′- phosphosulfate or acetyl-CoA catalyzed by human sulfotransferases 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, and 2A1, or N,O-acetyltransferases 1 and 2. The calculated reaction free energies of heterolysis of the sulfate and acetate esters are by 10-17 kcal/mol more favorable than the energy of hydrolysis of 13-hydroxyellipticine, which could explain the experimental data.
