Kiwifruit extract Actinidine

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Kiwifruit extract Actinidine

 

Actinidine is a member of the class of cyclopentapyridines that is 6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyridine bearing two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a pheromone. It is a cyclopentapyridine and a pyridine alkaloid.

Actinidine is a natural product found in Hypnogyra angularis, Valeriana officinalis, and other organisms with data available.

Kiwifruit contain large amounts of the highly active proteolytic enzyme actinidin similar to the proteases found in other fruits such as pineapple, figs, or papaya. Actinidin is ideal as a meat tenderizer but can cause problems if fresh fruit are incorporated into gelatine-based jellies (which then do not set) or are mixed with dairy products.

Actinidin, at the levels found in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit, does not seem to be a major health hazard for most people, but has been associated with allergic responses to kiwifruit. Actinidin can cause damage to the lips (especially at the corners of the mouth) but only if very large quantities of fruit are eaten. Peeling large numbers of fresh fruit can result in skin loss if hands are not protected. Other Actinidia cultivars need to be checked to insure that they do not contain appreciably higher levels of actinidin, capable of causing problems. There is no published evidence on the postulated beneficial role of actinidin in gut health.

Actinidain has been proposed for a range of commercial and domestic applications. The use of a kiwifruit marinade has long been known to tenderize meat, and several studies have confirmed this. Recent work has suggested its possible application in cheese-making , although its lack of specificity relative to chymosin means that collateral production of other peptides is likely to lead to reduced yields and bitter flavors , and residual activity can degrade the product over time. The latter problem has been reported to be overcome by high pressure treatment . Actinidain has been proposed as a digestive aid, and in vitro experimental trials support enhanced protein digestion in the stomach and ileum . 

 

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