Ferrocene

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Ferrocene, also known as dicyclopentadiene iron or cyclopentadienyl iron, is an organic metal compound with the molecular formula Fe (C5H5) 2. Orange crystalline solid; Has a smell similar to camphor; Melting point 172.5~173 ℃, sublimation above 100 ℃, boiling point 249 ℃; Has diamagnetism and zero dipole moment; Insoluble in water, 10% sodium hydroxide, and hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, soluble in dilute nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, benzene, ether, petroleum ether, and tetrahydrofuran. Ferrocene is stable in air and has a strong ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation. It is quite stable to heat and can withstand high temperatures of 470 ℃; It neither dissolves nor decomposes in boiling water, 10% alkaline solution, and concentrated hydrochloric acid boiling solution. Ferrocene is the most important metallocenyl complex and the earliest discovered sandwich complex, consisting of two cyclopentadienyl rings bonded to an iron atom.

The structure of ferrocene is one iron atom located between two parallel cyclopentadienyl rings. In a solid state, two cyclopentadienyl rings are offset from each other to form a fully hamate shape, and when the temperature increases, they rotate relative to each other around a vertical axis. The chemical properties of ferrocene are stable, similar to aromatic compounds. The ring of ferrocene can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions, such as mercuration, alkylation, acylation, etc. It can be oxidized to [Cp2Fe]+, and the increase in the oxidation state of iron atoms causes the electrons of the cyclopentadienyl ring (Cp) to flow towards the metal, hindering the electrophilic substitution reaction of the ring. Ferrocene is resistant to hydrogenation and does not react with maleic anhydride. Ferrocene reacts with n-butyl lithium to produce mono lithium ferrocene and di lithium ferrocene. The cyclopentadienyl ring can interact with each other in ferrocene molecules. The bluntness on one ring causes varying degrees of bluntness on the other ring, which is lighter than on the benzene ring.

Ferrocene is prepared by heating iron powder and cyclopentadiene in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ℃, or by reacting anhydrous ferrous chloride with sodium cyclopentadienyl in tetrahydrofuran. Ferrocene can be used as a rocket fuel additive, an anti knock agent for gasoline, a curing agent for rubber and silicone resin, and also as a UV absorber. The vinyl derivatives of ferrocene can undergo ene bond polymerization to obtain metal containing polymers with carbon chain skeleton, which can be used as outer coatings for spacecraft.