Add time:07/28/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

It has been shown that Sodium stannate (cas 12058-66-1) with superbasic sites generated on its surface can be obtained through simple thermal treatment of sodium stannate hydrate in pure N2. In this study, we analyzed the as-prepared materials using powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 physisorption methods. The superbasic sites were characterized by techniques of Hammett indicators and temperature-programmed desorption using CO2 as adsorbate. It was shown that after undergoing calcination at 623 K, there are ample superbasic sites on sodium stannate: up to 0.254 mmol/g. The superbasicity of the materials was further confirmed by employing the 1-hexene as well as cyclohexa-1,4-diene double bond isomerization reactions. The superbasicity is attributed to the higher electron-donating ability of surface O2−. The sodium stannate samples showed excellent catalytic efficiency towards selected reactions, namely the dehydrogenation of propa-2-nol, Michael addition of electron-deficient olefins, and transesterification of cyclic carbonate with methanol. It was observed that with rise of heat-treatment temperature from 573 to 623 K, both superbasicity and catalytic activity increased, reaching a maximum at 623 K, and then declined. It is deduced that catalytic efficiency is closely related to superbasicity of the sodium stannate catalysts.

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