Add time:08/01/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

The present study was undertaken to assess skin permeation of Gemcitabine hydrochloride (cas 12211-03-9) (GEM) following passive diffusion, iontophoresis and sonophoresis. In vitro passive diffusion were carried out in HEPES solution of pH 4.5, 5.8, 7.4 and 9.2 which revealed a pH-dependent permeation of GEM. Further, cathodic and anodic iontophoresis were carried out and the results indicated that anodic iontophoresis exhibited highest amount of GEM permeated at the end of 6 h (Q6h = 2203.74 ± 128.75 μg/cm2). Subsequently, effect of varying drug concentration on the permeation of GEM with iontophoresis was studied. The results demonstrated that GEM exhibited a concentration-dependent permeation profile with the highest permeation observed at 50 mg/mL (Q6h = 3334.94 ± 133.38 μg/cm2). In sonophoresis, among the different amplitudes tested, highest skin permeation of GEM was observed at 40 W amplitude. Also, effect of sonophoresis on varying drug concentrations revealed that highest permeation of GEM was observed at 50 mg/mL (Q30min = 950.24 ± 38.61 μg/cm2). In vivo permeation studies carried out using passive diffusion, anodic iontophoresis or sonophoresis indicated that anodic iontophoresis of GEM showed a higher plasma concentration (2472.83 ± 90.91 ng/mL) as compared to sonophoresis (2198.27 ± 109.91 ng/mL) and passive diffusion (845.21 ± 52.70 ng/mL). This study illustrates the application of iontophoresis or sonophoresis as a non-invasive drug delivery modality for GEM.

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