Add time:09/24/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Primidone (125-33-7) is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of generalized tonic–clonic and partial focal seizures. It is structurally similar to phenobarbital, and its anticonvulsant properties result from its metabolism to phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide. Toxic effects typically include dose-related central nervous system depression, which result from enhanced gamma amminobutyric acid (GABA) activity. GABA inhibits CNS neurotransmission by opening chloride channels, resulting in cell hyperpolarization.Less common adverse effects include rash, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, a lupuslike disorder, hypothermia, and dermal bullae. Clinical effects following overdose correlate most closely with serum phenobarbital levels. Treatment of overdose is supportive, with attention to maintenance of airway, breathing, and circulation. There is no antidote. Phenobarbital excretion can be enhanced via urine ion trapping or hemodialysis.

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