calcium hypochlorite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Electrolysis; | |
In not given Electrolysis; | |
In water Electrolysis; | |
In water Electrolysis; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given Electrolysis; electrolysis of neutral solutions of CaCl2 forms Ca(OH)2 on the cathode and chlorine on the anode which reacts with some Ca(OH)2 to Ca(ClO)2;; | |
In not given Electrolysis; electrolysis of neutral solutions of CaCl2 forms Ca(OH)2 on the cathode and chlorine on the anode which reacts with some Ca(OH)2 to Ca(ClO)2;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Cl2 In neat (no solvent) effect of Cl2 on Ca(OH)2;; product mixture obtained (chloride of lime);; | |
With Cl2 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water byproducts: Ca(OH)2; treatment of CaO with H2O; passing in Cl2 (temp. must not exceed 40°C, cooling); cooling to 25°C when approx. 70% of theoretical amount Cl2 has been taken up; filtration through asbestos-paper, pressing; drying over NaOH in vac.;; dissolution in H2O up to saturation; filtration from insoluble residue; evapn. of the filtrate under diminished pressure until crystallisation of product; crystallisation; product contains approx. 0.5% Ca(OH)2;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Ca(ClO)2*3H2O In water passing of Cl2 in a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and H2O at 15°C; the CaCl2-conc. is kept constant at 30% by addition of Ca(OH)2; seeding with crystalls of Ca(ClO)2*3H2O; drying at 65°C;; product contains 75.2% Ca(ClO)2;; | |
With Ca(ClO)2*3H2O In water passing of Cl2 in a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and H2O at 15°C; the CaCl2-conc. is kept constant at 30% by addition of Ca(OH)2; seeding with crystalls of Ca(ClO)2*3H2O; drying at 65°C;; product contains 75.2% Ca(ClO)2;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane reaction of Cl2O dissolved in CCl4 with dry or suspended Ca(OH)2 at 20 - 50 °C;; | |
In tetrachloromethane reaction of Cl2O dissolved in CCl4 with dry or suspended Ca(OH)2 at 20 - 50 °C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcium hydroxide In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; | |
With Ca(OH)2 In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
CaCl2 with various content of water of crystn. is used;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; | |
reaction of dild. (no medium given) gasous Cl2O with dry or suspended Ca(OH)2 at 150°C;; | |
reaction of dild. (no medium given) gasous Cl2O with dry or suspended Ca(OH)2 at 150°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium fluoride In water slaking with salt soln. and chlorinating the mixt.;; | |
With sodium silicate In water slaking with salt soln. and chlorinating the mixt.;; | |
With sodium chloride In water slaking with salt soln. and chlorinating the mixt.;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water | |
In water reaction of alkaline hypochlorite with CaCl2;; | |
In water | |
In water reaction of alkaline hypochlorite with CaCl2;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water In water slow decomposition in water under pptn. of Ca(OH)2 and solving of Ca(ClO)2;; | |
With H2O In water slow decomposition in water under pptn. of Ca(OH)2 and solving of Ca(ClO)2;; |
hypochloric acid
calcium hypochlorite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water neutralization of moist salt with aq. acid;; pptn.;; | |
In water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water passing CO2 over salt; filtration of CaCO3 and concg. soln.;; pptn.;; | |
In water |
chlorine
sodium hydroxide
A
calcium hypochlorite
B
sodium chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water absorption of Cl2 from MgCl2-electrolysis in Ca(OH)2 soln. and in aq. NaOH; filtration of NaCl and mixing both solutions; concg.;; pptn.;; |
calcium hypochlorite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) dehydration of crystalline Ca(ClO)2*3H2O in vac. at 25-50 Torr and at 45-80°C;; pure product with about 90-95% "active chlorine";; | |
In neat (no solvent) dehydration of crystalline Ca(ClO)2*3H2O in vac. at 25-50 Torr and at 45-80°C;; pure product with about 90-95% "active chlorine";; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given extraction of formed hypochlorite;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given extraction of formed hypochlorite;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water from strongly alk. soln. by evapn. at low temp.;; solid Ca(ClO)2 obtained;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water | |
In water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water | |
In water |
hypochloric acid
calcium hypochlorite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcium hydroxide In not given addn. of a HClO soln. to a cooled Ca(OH)2 soln. in small portions while stirring; the use of concd. solns. causes decompn.;; free of Cl(1-); only in soln.; not isolated;; | |
With CaCO3 In not given byproducts: CO2; | |
With Ca(OH)2 In not given addn. of a HClO soln. to a cooled Ca(OH)2 soln. in small portions while stirring; the use of concd. solns. causes decompn.;; free of Cl(1-); only in soln.; not isolated;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcium hydroxide In water passing Cl2 into aq. Ca(OH)2; the formation of Ca(ClO3)2 depends on temperature;; | |
With calcium hydroxide In water passing Cl2 into aq. Ca(OH)2; exceeding of the point of neutralization yields Ca(ClO3)2 and O2; the formation of Ca(ClO3)2 depends also on temperature;; | |
With Ca(OH)2 In water passing Cl2 into aq. Ca(OH)2; the formation of Ca(ClO3)2 depends on temperature;; | |
With Ca(OH)2 In water passing Cl2 into aq. Ca(OH)2; exceeding of the point of neutralization yields Ca(ClO3)2 and O2; the formation of Ca(ClO3)2 depends also on temperature;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In water chlorination of aq. NaOH and addn. of Ca(OH)2 or chlorination of Ca(OH)2 soln. and addn. of NaOH or chlorination of Ca(OH)2 in aq. NaOH;; | |
With sodium hydroxide In water byproducts: NaCl; separation of Ca(ClO)2 or concg. the soln. to dryness or separation of NaCl first, then separation of Ca(ClO)2;; | |
With sodium hydroxide In water byproducts: NaCl; variations in process described;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given byproducts: H2O; react. is reversible;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water product ratio depends on content of acitive chlorine in soln.;; product separation possible;; | |
In water |
calcium hypochlorite
3,3-dimethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro<5.5>undecan-9-ol
3,3-dimethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water; toluene; acetonitrile | 97.2% |
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium sulfate In water; toluene; acetonitrile | |
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium sulfate In water; toluene; acetonitrile | |
In water; toluene; acetonitrile |
calcium hypochlorite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium hydroxide; potassium carbonate In water |
sodium chlorite
calcium hypochlorite
sodium hydrogencarbonate
sodium carbonate
A
carbon dioxide
B
chlorine dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydrogen sulfate In water Product distribution / selectivity; Acidic aqueous solution; | |
With sodium hydrogen sulfate In water Product distribution / selectivity; Acidic aqueous solution; | |
With sulfuric acid In water Product distribution / selectivity; |
sodium hydroxide
calcium hypochlorite
aminosulfonic acid
A
N-monochlorosulfamic acid
B
water
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water at 32.2122℃; for 0.25 - 0.5h; pH=2; |
calcium hypochlorite
aminosulfonic acid
hydrogen bromide
A
N-bromosulfamic acid
B
water
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Product distribution / selectivity; |
calcium hypochlorite
aminosulfonic acid
sodium bromide
A
N-bromosulfamic acid
B
water
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water at 32.2122℃; for 0.25 - 0.5h; pH=2; Product distribution / selectivity; |
sodium chlorite
calcium hypochlorite
sodium carbonate
A
carbon dioxide
B
chlorine dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Product distribution / selectivity; Acidic aqueous solution; |
sodium hydroxide
calcium hypochlorite
N-bromosulfamic acid
A
N-bromosulfamic acid sodium salt
B
water
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water at 32.2122℃; Product distribution / selectivity; |
calcium hypochlorite
2-chloro-3,4-bis-[(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-methoxy]-5-methoxy benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane; water | |
In dichloromethane; water |
calcium hypochlorite
2-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)pyridine
1-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydrogen sulfate In dichloromethane; water |
calcium hypochlorite
2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)pyridine
2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5-trifluoroacetylpyridine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydrogen sulfate In dichloromethane; water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethyl acetate-pet; water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In dichloromethane; water at 4℃; for 0.75h; |
calcium hypochlorite
1-(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-propan-1-ol
1-(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-propan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine hydrochloride In dichloromethane |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In nitrogen; kerosene |
calcium hypochlorite
linalool acetate
6-chloro-7-methylene-3-methyl-1-octen-3-yl acetate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon dioxide; sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium hydrogensulfite In dichloromethane; water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphoric acid |
calcium hypochlorite
N-(4-cyanophenyl)acetamide
N-(2-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)acetamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium chloride; acetic acid In ethanol; water |
calcium hypochlorite
2-n-Butyl-3-(4-hydroxy-benzoyl)-benzofuran
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; potassium hydroxide; sodium hydroxide; potassium carbonate In methanol; water |
calcium hypochlorite
ethyl chloro[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)hydrazono]acetate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In chloroform; water; benzene |
calcium hypochlorite
chloro-(2,4,6-trichloro-phenylhydrazono)-acetic acid ethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In chloroform; water; benzene |
calcium hypochlorite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In water; acetic acid; acetone |
calcium hypochlorite
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating;; |
calcium hypochlorite
oxygen
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With CoO or Co(2+)-salt In water byproducts: CaCl2, H2O; addn. of CoO or a Co(2+) salt to a suspension of Ca(ClO)2 in H2O; mechanism discussed;; | |
In neat (no solvent) decompn. of Ca(OCl)2 at 170 - 180 °C;; | |
In neat (no solvent) explosion at 100 - 110°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With catalyst: Cu-Co-catalyst In neat (no solvent) heating mixture (25:1) at 60 - 120°C;; | |
In neat (no solvent) impured Ca(OCl)2 (data given) losses 0.1 % Cl2 at 90 °C for 3 h;; | |
In neat (no solvent) heating of 0.3520 g Ca(OCl)2 with 38.31 % Ca(Cl)OCl in air stream (free of CO2) for 7 h yield 0.003 g Cl2; the residue contains 30.3 % Ca(Cl)OCl;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: O2, Cl2; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given oxidation of PH3 with Ca(OCl)2 soln.;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) | |
In water Kinetics; at 25.0°C; trapped by KI; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water at pH = 5.8 - 6.1;; pptn.;; | |
In water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water | |
In water |
Calcium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with formula Ca(ClO)2. With the cas number 7778-54-3, Calcium hypochlorite is a yellow white solid which has a strong smell of chlorine. It is not highly soluble in water, and is more preferably used in soft to medium-hard water. It has two forms: a dry form and a hydrated form. The hydrated form is safer to handle.It is widely used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent (bleaching powder). This chemical is considered to be relatively stable and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach).
Physical properties about Calcium hypochlorite are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.712; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.71; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.48; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 2.03; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.19; (6)#H bond acceptors: 1 ; (7)#H bond donors: 1 ;
Preparation of Calcium hypochlorite: Calcium hypochlorite is manufactured by chlorination of calcium hydroxide [CaOH)2] followed by the separation of the calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] through salting out from solution with sodium chloride.
2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 → Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2 + H2O
Calcium hypochlorite is also manufactured by the formation under refrigeration of the complex salt Ca(OCl)2 NaOCl.NaCl.12H2O, which is prepared by the chlorination of a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The salt is reacted with a chlorinated lime slurry, filtered to remove salt, and dried, resulting finally in a stable product containing 65 to 70% calcium hypochlorite.
Uses of Calcium hypochlorite:
1. Calcium hypochlorite is used for the disinfection of drinking water or swimming pool water. It is used as a sanitizer in outdoor swimming pools in combination with a cyanuric acid stabilizer, which reduces the loss of chlorine due to ultraviolet radiation. The calcium content hardens the water and tends to clog up some filters; hence, some products containing calcium hypochlorite also contain anti-scaling agents.
2. Calcium hypochlorite is also an ingredient in bleaching powder, used for bleaching cotton and linen. It is also used in bathroom cleaners, household disinfectant sprays, moss and algae removers, and weedkillers.
3. In addition, calcium hypochlorite may be used to manufacture chloroform. Bleaching powder is used also in sugar industry for bleaching sugar cane juice before its crystallization.
When you are using Calcium hypochlorite, please be cautious about it as the following:
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice;
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection;
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible);
Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data;
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES:[Ca+2].[O-]Cl.[O-]Cl;
(2)Std. InChI:InChI=1S/Ca.2ClO/c;2*1-2/q+2;2*-1;
(3)Std. InChIKey:ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
man | TDLo | oral | 143mg/kg (143mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | Japanese Journal of Toxicology. Vol. 11, Pg. 137, 1998. |
rabbit | LDLo | skin | 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) | GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: FOOD INTAKE (ANIMAL) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0570606, |
rat | LD50 | oral | 850mg/kg (850mg/kg) |
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