Product Name

  • Name

    Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

  • EINECS 208-357-6
  • CAS No. 524-36-7
  • Article Data6
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.282g/cm3
  • Solubility Soluble in DMSO, water, or methanol /n
  • Melting Point 224-226°C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Formula C8H14Cl2N2O2
  • Boiling Point 460.1 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 241.117
  • Flash Point 232.1 °C
  • Transport Information
  • Appearance White crystalline powder
  • Safety 26-36
  • Risk Codes 36/37/38
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 524-36-7 (Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride)
  • Hazard Symbols IrritantXi
  • Synonyms 3-Pyridinemethanol,4-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, dihydrochloride (9CI);Pyridoxamine,dihydrochloride (8CI);2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-aminomethyl-5-hydroxymethylpyridinedihydrochloride;4-(Aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-pyridinemethanoldihydrochloride;Pyridorin;Pyridoxylaminedihydrochloride;3-Pyridinemethanol, 4- (aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, dihydrochloride;3-Pyridinemethanol, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, dihydrochloride (9CI);3-pyridinemethanol, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, hydrochloride (1:2);
  • PSA 79.37000
  • LogP 2.35090

Synthetic route

2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-formyl-5-hydroxymethylpyridine oxime
20905-66-2

2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-formyl-5-hydroxymethylpyridine oxime

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In methanol for 0.916667h;95.2%
N-acetylpyridoxamine hydrochloride

N-acetylpyridoxamine hydrochloride

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In methanol at 39 - 48℃; for 10 - 16h; Heating / reflux; Industry scale;91%
2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-cyano-5-acetyloxymethyl-pyridine
408335-89-7

2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-cyano-5-acetyloxymethyl-pyridine

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; hydrogen; 5%-palladium/activated carbon In methanol; water at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr;83%
With hydrogenchloride; 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen In methanol; water at 20℃;83%
With hydrogenchloride; 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen In methanol; water at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr;83%
pyridoxal hydrochloride
58-56-0

pyridoxal hydrochloride

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 1.) MnO2, 0.3 M H2SO4, 2.) NH2OH*HCl / 1.) 5 h, 2.) 70 deg C, 10 min
2: 95.2 percent / HCl, H2 / 5percent Pd/C / methanol / 0.92 h
View Scheme
C20H18N2O6
863030-57-3

C20H18N2O6

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C20H18N2O6 With propylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 50 - 70℃; for 18 - 20h; Gabriel Synthesis;
Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In methanol; isopropyl alcohol at 45 - 65℃; for 5 - 8h;
di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

Carbonic acid 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-yl ester tert-butyl ester
176754-73-7

Carbonic acid 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-yl ester tert-butyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane at 0 - 25℃; for 12h; pH 9.5;100%
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

pyridoxamine
85-87-0

pyridoxamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In water pH=9;100%
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water87%
di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

(3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester
210034-86-9

(3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In methanol; dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h;95%
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

salicylaldehyde
90-02-8

salicylaldehyde

4-(((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol

4-(((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: pyridoxamine dihydrochloride With potassium hydroxide In methanol for 0.5h; pH=Ca. 9;
Stage #2: salicylaldehyde In methanol; chloroform at 50℃; for 3h;		91%
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-(aminomethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)pyridine dihydrobromide
1198-25-0

2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-(aminomethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)pyridine dihydrobromide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen bromide for 0.75h; Heating;87%
With hydrogen bromide for 2h; Heating;81%
With hydrogen bromide
With hydrogen bromide
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

pyridoxal hydrochloride
65-22-5

pyridoxal hydrochloride

Schiff base pyridoxal-pyridoxamine
122908-64-9

Schiff base pyridoxal-pyridoxamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide for 0.5h; Ambient temperature;80%
2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde
613-84-3

2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,9-dimethyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,9-dimethyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;78.6%
...Expand
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

salicylaldehyde
90-02-8

salicylaldehyde

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;67.2%
...Expand
2-oxoheptadecanoic acid
73506-86-2

2-oxoheptadecanoic acid

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

N-((3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)palmitamide

N-((3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)palmitamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide In methanol; water at 20℃; for 12h; Sealed tube; Darkness; chemoselective reaction;67%
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

5-chlorosalicyclaldehyde
635-93-8

5-chlorosalicyclaldehyde

13,13-di-n-butyl-9-chloro-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-9-chloro-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;65.3%
...Expand
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde
97-51-8

5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-9-nitro-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-9-nitro-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;65.3%
...Expand
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

5-bromosalicyclaldehyde
1761-61-1

5-bromosalicyclaldehyde

13,13-di-n-butyl-9-bromo-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-9-bromo-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;61.5%
...Expand
2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
672-13-9

2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-9-methoxy-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-9-methoxy-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;60.5%
...Expand
4-chloro-1-[2-chloro-2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine
1013930-73-8

4-chloro-1-[2-chloro-2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

(Z)-4-((1-(4-fluorostyryl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol
1451010-34-6

(Z)-4-((1-(4-fluorostyryl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 150℃; for 0.166667h; Microwave irradiation; Inert atmosphere;58%
5-iodosalicyclaldehyde
1761-62-2

5-iodosalicyclaldehyde

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-9-iodo-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-9-iodo-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;56.7%
...Expand
all-trans-retinoic-acid
302-79-4

all-trans-retinoic-acid

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid (3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide

3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid (3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: all-trans-retinoic-acid With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.166667h;
Stage #2: pyridoxamine dihydrochloride With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃;		45%
2-hydroxy-5-t-butylbenzaldehyde
2725-53-3

2-hydroxy-5-t-butylbenzaldehyde

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

di(n-butyl)tin oxide
818-08-6

di(n-butyl)tin oxide

13,13-di-n-butyl-9-t-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

13,13-di-n-butyl-9-t-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5H-benzo[i]pyrido[4,3-d]-12,14,6,2-dioxazaestanocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; toluene for 8h; Reflux;40.3%
...Expand
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde
13023-73-9

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

C16H18N2O5*ClH

C16H18N2O5*ClH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water at 20℃; for 18h;27%
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

pyridoxal hydrochloride
58-56-0

pyridoxal hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid; water; sodium nitrite at 20 - 90℃; for 2h;25%
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

cytosine arabinoside-5'-monophosphate
7075-11-8

cytosine arabinoside-5'-monophosphate

C17H24N5O9P
1421929-65-8

C17H24N5O9P

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: pyridoxamine dihydrochloride With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water
Stage #2: cytosine arabinoside-5'-monophosphate With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In water; tert-butyl alcohol Reflux;		25%
pyridine
110-86-1

pyridine

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

n-decanoyl chloride
112-13-0

n-decanoyl chloride

4-(decanoylamino-methyl)-3-decanoyloxy-5-decanoyloximethyl-2-methyl-pyridine
104622-70-0

4-(decanoylamino-methyl)-3-decanoyloxy-5-decanoyloximethyl-2-methyl-pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chloroform
...Expand
2-furancarbonyl chloride
527-69-5

2-furancarbonyl chloride

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

4-[(furan-2-carbonylamino)-methyl]-3-(furan-2-carbonyloxy)-5-(furan-2-carbonyloximethyl)-2-methyl-pyridine
114493-09-3

4-[(furan-2-carbonylamino)-methyl]-3-(furan-2-carbonyloxy)-5-(furan-2-carbonyloximethyl)-2-methyl-pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate
529-96-4

pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With phosphoric acid; phosphorus pentoxide at 60℃;
With trichlorophosphate
With phosphoric acid; phosphorus pentoxide room temp., 1 h; 65 deg C, 2.5 h; Yield given;
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

acetic anhydride
108-24-7

acetic anhydride

3-acetoxy-5-acetoxymethyl-4-(acetylamino-methyl)-2-methyl-pyridine; hydrochloride

3-acetoxy-5-acetoxymethyl-4-(acetylamino-methyl)-2-methyl-pyridine; hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

benzaldehyde
100-52-7

benzaldehyde

[4-(benzylidenamino-methyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-[3]pyridyl]-methanol

[4-(benzylidenamino-methyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-[3]pyridyl]-methanol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

benzoyl chloride
98-88-4

benzoyl chloride

4-(benzoylamino-methyl)-3-benzoyloxy-5-benzoyloxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridine
21901-57-5

4-(benzoylamino-methyl)-3-benzoyloxy-5-benzoyloxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; chloroform
pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
524-36-7

pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

4-nitro-benzoyl chloride
122-04-3

4-nitro-benzoyl chloride

2-methyl-4-[(4-nitro-benzoylamino)-methyl]-3-(4-nitro-benzoyloxy)-5-(4-nitro-benzoyloximethyl)-pyridine
104176-11-6

2-methyl-4-[(4-nitro-benzoylamino)-methyl]-3-(4-nitro-benzoyloxy)-5-(4-nitro-benzoyloximethyl)-pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; chloroform

Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride Specification

The Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride, with the CAS registry number 524-36-7 and EINECS registry number 208-357-6, has the systematic name of 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol dihydrochloride. And the molecular formula of this chemical is C8H14Cl2N2O2. It is a kind of white crystalline powder, and belongs to the following product categories: Aromatics Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Vitamins and derivatives; Aromatics; Bases & Related Reagents; Nucleotides. What's more, it should be stored at -20°C.

The physical properties of Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride are as following: (1)ACD/LogP: -1.04; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -3.16; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.92; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1; (9)#H bond acceptors: 4; (10)#H bond donors: 4; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 5; (12)Polar Surface Area: 34.59 Å2; (13)Flash Point: 232.1 °C; (14)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 75.94 kJ/mol; (15)Boiling Point: 460.1 °C at 760 mmHg; (16)Vapour Pressure: 2.92E-09 mmHg at 25°C.

Preparation and uses of Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride: The preparation can start from the oxidation of pyridoxine hydrochloride with manganese dioxide. And then after a series of condensation and reduction you can get the desired product. What's more, it is used in the biochemical study and nutrition research.

You should be cautious while dealing with this chemical. It irritates eyes, respiratory system and skin. Therefore, you had better take the following instructions: Wear suitable protective clothing, and in case of contacting with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: Cl.Cl.Oc1c(c(cnc1C)CO)CN
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C8H12N2O2.2ClH/c1-5-8(12)7(2-9)6(4-11)3-10-5;;/h3,11-12H,2,4,9H2,1H3;2*1H
(3)InChIKey: HNWCOANXZNKMLR-UHFFFAOYAB

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LD50 intravenous 540mg/kg (540mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
cat LD50 oral > 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
mouse LD50 intravenous 590mg/kg (590mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
mouse LD50 oral 5100mg/kg (5100mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 2950mg/kg (2950mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
pigeon LD50 intravenous 795mg/kg (795mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
rabbit LD50 intravenous 700mg/kg (700mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
rat LD50 intravenous 800mg/kg (800mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
rat LD50 oral 7500mg/kg (7500mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 4720mg/kg (4720mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 922, 1961.

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