St. John''s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Background Extracts of  Hypericum perforatum  L. (St. John''s wort) have been recommended traditionally for a wide rang

Spirulina Background The term spirulina refers to a large number of cyanobacteria or blue-green algae. Both  Spirulina spp . and non- Spirulina  spp. fa

Soy ( max [L.] Merr.) Background Soy is a subtropical plant native to southeastern Asia. This member of the pea family (Fabaceae) grows from 1-5 feet tall and forms cluster

(Se) Background Selenium is a trace mineral found in soil, water, and some foods. It is an essential element in several metabolic pathways. Selenium deficiency ca

Seaweed, kelp, bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) Background ?Fucus vesiculosus? is a brown seaweed that grows on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the North and Baltic

Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius Linn.) herb and flower, Background Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), also referred to as broom, is a perennial woody plant nati

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens [Bartram] Small) Background Saw palmetto (?Serenoa repens?,? Sabal serrulata?) is used popularly in Europe for symptoms associated with benign prostatic hypert

(vitamin B2) Background Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, which is involved in vital metabolic processes in the body and is necessary for normal cell function, growth

Red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) Background Red yeast rice is the product of yeast (?Monascus??purpureus?) grown on rice, and is served as a dietary staple in some Asian countries. It conta

Pygeum (Prunus africanum, Pygeum africanum) Background The ?Pygeum africanum? (African plum) tree is a tall evergreen of the family Rosaceae found in central and southern Africa. Its bark has

Pycnogenol? (Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica) Background Pycnogenol? is the patented trade name for a water extract of the bark of the French maritime pine (?Pinus pinaster ?ssp. ?atlantica?), whi

Psyllium (Plantago ovata, Plantago isphagula) Background Psyllium, also referred to as ispaghula (or isphagula), is derived from the husks of the seeds of  Plantago ov

Propolis Background Bees create propolis, a natural resin, to build their hives. Propolis is made from the buds of conifer and poplar trees, beeswax, and other bee secretio

s, Background Phosphorus is a mineral found in many foods, such as milk, cheese, dried beans, peas, colas, nuts, and peanut butter. Phosphate is the most common form of phosphorus. In the bo,

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) Background Peppermint is a flowering plant that grows throughout Europe and North America. Peppermint is widely cultivated for its fragrant oil. Peppermint oi

Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) Background The dried aerial parts of passion flower ( Passiflora incarnata ) have historically been used as a sedative an

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), Background Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is essential to all life and is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), a molecule that is necessary for n

Omega-3 , , alpha-linolenic acid Background  Dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fish oil and certain plant/nut oils. Fish oil contains both docosahexaenoic

(Vitamin B3, ), Niacinamide Contents of this page:   Background Synonyms Evidence Dosing Safety Interactions Methodology Sel

Background Melatonin is a hormone produced in the brain by the pineal gland from the amino acid tryptophan. The synthesis and release of melatonin are stimulated by darkne