Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin OM (May 12, 1910–July 29, 1994) was a British scientist, born Dorothy Mary Crowfoot in Cairo.

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin discovered the chemical structure of penicillin in the 1940s, which enabled it to be manufactured synthetically; and also those of cholesterol, lactoglobulin, ferritin, tobacco mosaic virus, vitamin B12, and insulin. This latter achievement took her 34 years, having started in 1933.
She studied chemistry at Oxford and Cambridge universities, before becoming a research fellow at Somerville College, Oxford in 1936, a post which she held until 1977. In 1964 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work in crystallography and in 1976 the Copley Medal from the Royal Society. In 1965 she was appointed to the Order of Merit, filling the vacancy left by Winston Churchill.
Apart from the Nobel Prize, she was a recipient of the Order of Merit, a recipient of the Copley Medal, a Fellow of the Royal Society, The Lenin Peace Prize, and was Chancellor of Bristol University from 1970 to 1988.