Clofibrate

IARC Cancer Review: Group 3 IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 (1987),p. 171.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 24 (1980),p. 39.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 24 (1980),p. 39.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210)

The Clofibrate, with the CAS registry number 637-07-0, is also known as Clofibrate. It belongs to the product categories of Aromatics Compounds; Aromatics; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals; Pharmaceuticals; Intracellular receptor. Its EINECS number is 211-277-4. This chemical's molecular formula is C₁₂H₁₅ClO₃ and molecular weight is 242.70. What's more, its systematic name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate. Its classification codes are: (1)Anticholesteremic agents; (2)Antihyperlipidemic; (3)Antilipemic agents; (4)Antimetabolites; (5)Drug / Therapeutic Agent; (6)Human Data; (7)Hypolipidemic Agents; (8)Lipid Regulating Agents; (9)Mutation data; (10)Reproductive Effect; (11)Tumor data. This chemical should be sealed and stored in a cool and dry place. Moreover, it should be protected from oxides and light. It is a lipid lowering agent used for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood. It increases lipoprotein lipase activity to promote the conversion of VLDL to LDL, and hence reduce the level of VLDL. It is proved that it can increase the level of HDL as well.

Physical properties of Clofibrate are: (1)ACD/LogP: 3.88; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 3.88; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 3.88; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 523.72; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 523.72; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 3075.62; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 3075.62; (9)#H bond acceptors: 3; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 5; (12)Polar Surface Area: 35.53 Å²; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.505; (14)Molar Refractivity: 62.731 cm³; (15)Molar Volume: 211.451 cm³; (16)Polarizability: 24.869×10^-24cm³; (17)Surface Tension: 36.17 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.148 g/cm³; (19)Flash Point: 115.064 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 51.324 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 274.82 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0.005 mmHg at 25°C.

Uses of Clofibrate: it can be used to produce 2-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-2-methyl-propionic acid by heating. It will need reagent aq. KOH and solvent ethanol with the reaction time of 4 hours. The yield is about 70%.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
This chemcial is harmful if swallowed and is irritating to respiratory system and skin. It has a limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect and a risk of serious damage to eyes. This chemical is toxic to aquatic organisms as it may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. When using it, you need to wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, you must seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). You should avoid releasing it to the environment, and you need to refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: Clc1ccc(OC(C(=O)OCC)(C)C)cc1
(2)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C12H15ClO3/c1-4-15-11(14)12(2,3)16-10-7-5-9(13)6-8-10/h5-8H,4H2,1-3H3
(3)Std. InChIKey: KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:  

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
guinea pig	LD50	oral	1280mg/kg (1280mg/kg)		Drugs of the Future. Vol. 4, Pg. 140, 1979.
hamster	LD50	intraperitoneal	1260mg/kg (1260mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 1816, 1981.
hamster	LD50	oral	2400mg/kg (2400mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 1816, 1981.
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	oral	3gm/kg (3000mg/kg)		Drugs of the Future. Vol. 4, Pg. 140, 1979.
man	TDLo	oral	1071ug/kg (1.071mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR	Neurology. Vol. 37, Pg. 881, 1987.
man	TDLo	oral	171mg/kg/6D-I (171mg/kg)	MUSCULOSKELETAL: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS	Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. Vol. 20, Pg. 1082, 1984.
man	TDLo	oral	4232mg/kg/57W (4232mg/kg)	MUSCULOSKELETAL: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)	Japanese Journal of Medicine. Vol. 29, Pg. 545, 1990.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	540mg/kg (540mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 1816, 1981.
mouse	LD50	intravenous	> 500mg/kg (500mg/kg)		Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 341, 1990.
mouse	LD50	oral	1220mg/kg (1220mg/kg)		Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol. 32, Pg. 1568, 1984.
mouse	LD50	unreported	1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg)		British UK Patent Application. Vol. #2041937,
rabbit	LD50	oral	1370mg/kg (1370mg/kg)		Drugs of the Future. Vol. 4, Pg. 140, 1979.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	910mg/kg (910mg/kg)		Journal Europeen de Toxicologie. Vol. 5, Pg. 239, 1972.
rat	LD50	oral	940mg/kg (940mg/kg)	GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	Archivos de Farmacologia y Toxicologia. Vol. 6, Pg. 255, 1980.
rat	LD50	unreported	1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg)		United States Patent Document. Vol. #4412998,
women	TDLo	oral	80mg/kg/2D-I (80mg/kg)		New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 301, Pg. 1345, 1979.