Add time:08/23/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Dodine is an agricultural fungicide used to combat certain diseases of fruit trees. Structurally, it is a cationic surface-active compound, and, in single or repeated doses, exhibits essentially the toxicologic properties that are characteristic of this class of compounds. Its most conspicuous toxic action, acutely, is a pronounced irritant effect of the dry material or concentrated solutions on skin and mucous membranes. The severity of this effect is progressively reduced with increasing dilution, and at use (spray) concentrations constitutes no appreciable hazard.The single oral dose LD50 of dodine for rats is approximately 1 g/kg, and the LD50 of the technical material as an aqueous paste by 24-hour continuous skin contact with rabbits is of the order of 2 g/kg. The skin applications were associated with a severe degree of erythema and edema. Similarly, the dry technical material produced extreme irritation in the rabbit eye. Aqueous dilutions of the product at spray concentration were not irritating to rabbit skin or eyes.Feeding of dodine to rats and dogs is limited by food refusal at dietary levels above 1000 ppm. Rats survived a 100-day feeding of 3200 ppm, but exhibited a marked reduction in food intake and weight gain. Otherwise, there were no specific adverse effects. Feeding of 800 ppm of dodine to rats for two years was associated with a slight to moderate diminution of food intake and retardation of growth but was without effect on reproduction and lactation performance of two successive generations of rats. Dietary levels of 200 ppm and 50 ppm of dodine were well tolerated by rats over a two-year period. No significant hematologic changes and no relevant gross or microscopic pathology were observed in any of the repeated-dose studies with rats.Feeding of diets containing 50 ppm, 200 ppm, and 800 ppm of dodine for one year to dogs revealed no deleterious effects other than slight stimulation of the thyroid gland at 800 ppm, with a threshold of this effect at 200 ppm. Microscopically, the changes observed in the thyroid consisted of a shift of the follicular epithelium from a squamous to a cuboidal variety in some instances, and to a low columnar in others. These changes were associated with a certain degree of increased vascularity and some reduction in the amount of colloid in two of the four dogs at the highest dosage.

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