Add time:07/15/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the description, methods of preparation, physical properties, solution-phase stability, and methods of analysis of procaine hydrochloride. Procaine is a derivative of p-aminobenzoic acid, and is a one of the oldest used ester-type local anesthetic agents. Procaine is used for a wide variety of clinical nerve blocks, and is devoid of the severe local and systemic toxicity of cocaine. Adrenaline constricts blood vessels near the procaine injection, thus preventing procaine from being washed away into the blood supply and prolonging its duration of action. The drug remains the prototype molecule with which subsequent analogues (having the suffix -caines) are compared. Procaine exhibits considerably lower degrees of toxicity and irritation, is well tolerated, and is characterized by superior stability in the solution phase. Procaine forms poorly soluble salt or conjugates with some drugs, and is reported to be a strong prostaglandin antagonist and a weak agonist. It is used in the treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia. Procaine hydrochloride was also used by intravenous injection for the relief of pain in acute pancreatitis.

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