The polymorphic behavior of vinyl stearate has been elucidated by thermal analysis combined with X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Vinyl stearate exhibits three crystalline modifications, α (hexagonal), β1 (monoclinic, M∥) and β′2(monoclinic, O⊥) forms. The packing mode of this ...

Zinc urate (Zn3Ur2) is synthesized by the reaction of uric acid and zinc acetate, and the structure of the complex is confirmed by Elemental analysis (EA), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability effect of Zn3Ur2 with its assistant thermal stabili...

Densities (ρ), viscosities (η), speed of sounds (u) and refractive indices (nD) at temperature range (293.15–343.15) K with 5 K interval, for three binary mixtures (1-propanol + n-hexadecane, 1-butanol + n-hexadecane and 1-propanol + ethyl oleate), were measured at atmospheric pressure. Based...

In recent years there has been a surge of interest in using lipases to catalyze the synthesis of biodiesel, as the biocatalytic route has several advantages over the chemical route. The principal objective of this work was to study the synthesis of ethyl-oleate, as a model ester of biodiesel, us...

Drug solubility and lymphatic transport enhancements are two main pathways to improve drug oral bioavailability for microemulsions. However, it is not easy to have both achieved simultaneously because excipients used for improving lymphatic transport were usually insufficient in forming microemu...

Lipases produced by solid-state fermentation were used directly as biocatalysts for continuous synthesis of ethyl oleate in a continuously stirred tank reactor. The effect of biocatalyst reutilisation, molar ratio of substrates, agitation rate and feed rate on the esterification of oleic acid wi...

Neat ethyl oleate was ozonized in a bubble reactor and the progress of the ozonolysis was followed by infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The ozonolysis was conducted till a molar ratio O3/CC ≈ 1 when the exothermal reaction spontaneously went to co...

Apigenin has attracted a great interest in the food industry due to the wide range of its biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The encapsulation of apigenin in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions could overcome its low solubility and lead to the development of new function...

Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of two liquid mixtures ethyl oleate with benzaldehyde have been determined at various temperatures in the range of 303.15 to 318.15 K. The ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density data are used to estimate adiabatic compressibility, free length, molar...

Despite recent advances on biodiesel production, its behavior at low temperatures does not favor its use in aviation engines. A better understanding of the solid-liquid phase behavior of systems comprising fatty esters and components of conventional jet fuel is therefore necessary to investigate...

The kinetics of liquid phase ethyl stearate decarboxylation for production of diesel fuel hydrocarbons was studied over a Pd/C catalyst in a semi-batch reactor. The kinetic behavior was tested in a wide range of temperature. Furthermore a supplementary investigation of the reaction intermediate,...

The aim of this work was to study the phase behavior of systems involving carbon dioxide (CO2), fatty acid ethyl esters (ethyl oleate, ethyl stearate and ethyl palmitate) and acetone at high pressures. The phase behavior involving these components is an important step regarding the design and op...

Diesel fuel is being substituted by biodiesel in many countries. But, this gradual addition of biodiesel to diesel is causing problems such as the formation of sludge in storage tanks, poor engine performance, transportation difficulties and others. There is strong concern about the use of biodi...

This paper reports the results of a new experimental study on the (liquid + liquid) equilibrium of the system {ethyl stearate(1) + ethanol(2) + glycerol(3)} at atmospheric pressure and at T = (313.15 and 323.15) K. The equilibrium compositions were measured by gas chromatography. Ternary diagram...

Bimetallic and monometallic catalysts including Cu and/or Fe species were prepared by a co-precipitation method and their catalytic performance was tested for the selective hydrogenation of ethyl stearate to stearyl alcohol. The bimetallic catalysts were observed to be even more active for this ...

This work reports the experimental measurements {(vapor + liquid) equilibrium} for the systems {water(1) + glycerol(2)}, {ethanol(1) + glycerol(2)}, {ethanol(1) + ethyl stearate(2)}, and {ethanol(1) + ethyl palmitate(2)}. Boiling temperatures were measured using an Othmer-type ebulliometer over ...

Solid–liquid equilibrium for binary mixtures of ethyl oleate and ethyl myristate, ethyl oleate and ethyl stearate, and ethyl myristate and ethyl stearate was studied through differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental results confirmed the occurrence of polymorphism of ethyl oleate, ethyl m...

This work reports the enzymatic synthesis of butyl stearate and ethyl stearate, two esters with important industrial properties, ranging from cosmetic applications to emollient characteristics (butyl stearate) to food industries, imparting flavor and aroma to beverages and foods (ethyl stearate)...

Cellulose whiskers, isolated from banana waste fibres, were used as a reinforcement in poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) [EVA] matrices, to develop composites. A non-ionic surfactant, poly(ethylene glycol ether), was used to improve the dispersion characteristics of the cellulose whiskers in EVA/c...

Blood brain barrier (BBB) is a complex, tight barrier between endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels. It acts as a physical barrier and provides access to only those moieties which are necessary for proper brain functioning. However, this selective prudence also acts as a hindrance in thera...