We describe an inexpensive paper-based sensor for rapid detection of low concentrations (ppm) of hydrogen cyanide gas. A piece of filter paper pre-spotted with a dilute monocyanocobinamide [CN(H2O)Cbi] solution was placed on the end of a bifurcated optical fiber and the reflectance spectrum of t...

Diaquacobinamide (H2O)2Cbi2+ or its conjugate base hydroxyaquacobinamide (OH(H2O)Cbi+)) can bind up to two cyanide ions, making dicyanocobinamide. This transition is accompanied by a significant change in color, previously exploited for cyanide determination. The reagent OH(H2O)Cbi+ is used in e...

The current suite of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antidotes (i.e., sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and hydroxocobalamin) are effective for treating cyanide poisoning, but individually, each antidote has major limitations (e.g., large effective dosage or delayed onset of action...

Study objectiveExposure to cyanide in fires and industrial exposures and intentional cyanide poisoning by terrorists leading to mass casualties is an ongoing threat. Current treatments for cyanide poisoning must be administered intravenously, and no rapid treatment methods are available for mass...

Study objectiveHydroxocobalamin is a Food and Drug Administration–approved antidote for cyanide poisoning. Cobinamide is a potential antidote that contains 2 cyanide-binding sites. To our knowledge, no study has directly compared hydroxocobalamin with cobinamide in a severe, cyanide-toxic large...

Cobalamins are important cofactors for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Certain corrins also bind nitric oxide (NO), quenching its bioactivity. To determine if corrins would inhibit NO synthase (NOS), we measured their effects on -l-[14C]arginine-to-l-[14C]citrulline conversion ...

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been widely utilized for the analysis of compounds in biological matrices due to its selectivity and sensitivity. This study describes the application of an LC–MS/MS-based approach toward the analysis of cobinamide in Yorkshire pig ...

The interaction of Co(III) and Co(II) cobalamin (Cbl) and cobinamide (Cbi) with thiocyanate was examined with UV–vis and EPR spectra. S/N-linkage isomerism was explored on Co(III) and Co(II) Cbl and Cbi models using density functional theory (DFT; BP86, B3LYP). Performed calculations suggest th...

In recent years, Cobinamide (Cbi) has shown promise as a therapeutic for cyanide poisoning. There are several forms of Cbi based on the identity of the ligands bound to the cobalt in Cbi and these different forms of Cbi have divergent behavior (e.g., the aquo and hydroxo forms of Cbi readily bin...

Biosynthesis of vitamin B12, which occurs through salvaging pathway or de novo synthesis, is essential for the survival and growth of bacteria. While the mechanism is known for many bacteria, it is elusive yet for diarrhea causing pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae or the other Vibrio species. ...

Using photochemical excitation or ligand displacement reactions, 2,4,6-triphenylphosphorine-metal pentacarbonyls and cis-bis(2,4,6-triphenylphosphorine)-metal tetracarbonyls of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten have been prepared. NMR and mass spectral data as well as characteristic IR bands are...

We previously reported that diabetes decreased the expression of renal tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-5 in glomerulus, and claudin-2 and occludin in proximal tubule through an oxidative stress dependent way. Now we investigated whether all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a compound that plays ...

We previously showed that gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy correlates with suppressed expression of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of gemcitabine activation. The purpose of the present study was to find a drug that might be useful to en...

The all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is the most active form of vitamin A that helps to regulate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of several types of cells, mainly the adipocytes, and causes weight loss through the reduction of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In this present study we...

Retinoids are a class of chemicals derived from vitamin A metabolism, playing important and diverse functions. Vitamin A, also named all-trans-retinol (all-trans-ROL), is coverted into two classes of biologically active retinoids, i.e. 11-cis-retinoids and acidic retinoids. Among acidic retinoid...

The toxic and lethal effects of piminodine and Win 13,797 were studied in mice, dogs, and monkeys. The analgesic actions of both drugs were tested in mice and rats and were found to be more potent than morphine.Vascular studies on pimincdine and Win 13,797 have shown peripheral vasodilation and ...

1.1. A controlled clinical trial comparing morphine and piminodine (Alvodine) in 96 patients suffering from postoperative pain is reported.2.2. When morphine sulfate, 10 mg., was used as the standard for comparison, the equipotent dose of piminodine was found to be approximately 7.5 mg., a figur...

Sodium hypochlorite in acetic acid solution selectively oxidizes secondary alcohols to ketones in the presence of primary alcohols and converts aldehydes to methyl esters in the added presence of methanol.

The current work emphasis on the synthesis, characterization and the gas sensing activity of titania nanoparticles and yttrium (Y) doped titania nanoparticles. The structural, morphological and optical properties of titania nanoparticles and Y doped titania nanoparticles were studied by XRD, UV,...

BaWO4 nanostructures doped with different concentrations of Yttrium have been synthesized by a chemical method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and Rama...