Indo-1, a tetracarboxylate fluorescent probe, is commonly used for monitoring intracellular calcium levels. Indo-1 is calibrated at pH > 7, whereas intracellular pH is, in many cases, below pH 7. Therefore, the behaviour of the probe was studied at these pH values. We present the acid—base and ...

Previous attempts to measure cytoplasmic Ca2+ in plant cells using the new generation of fluorescent probes, indo-1 and fura-2, have been unsuccessful. We investigated the use of indo-1 and fura-2 to measure cytoplasmic Ca2+ in barley aleurone protoplasts and found that indo-1 could be successfu...

Indo-1 is widely used to measure intracellular free calcium, [Ca2+]i, by comparing the fluorescence emission at 2 or more wavelengths with the emissions, which are assumed to be known, of Indo-1 when it is fully calcium-bound and when it is fully calcium-free. Accurate quantitation requires that...

Several mechanisms might account for the difference between spectra of Indo-1 measured on intracellular and on extracellular dye. Experiments to discriminate between various possibilities used quantitative analyses of intracellular and extracellular Indo-1 spectra. Intracellular calcium-free dye...

Changes in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) after cytokinin-treatment in protonema cells of the moss Funaria hygrometrica have been measured using the pentapotassium salt of indo-1. The extent of dye loading strongly depended on lowering the pH of the incubation medium to 5.0. Exposing dye-loaded ...

Fluorescence probes for biosensors used for the determination of intracellular concentration of metal ions have been synthesized in order to bind selectivity with a specific cation. Since certain ions exhibit similar chemical properties, binding selectivity with the probes is difficult. In this ...

SummaryWe measured cytoplasmic free calcium in protoplasts of Citrus sinensis Osb. Protoplasts were isolated from cell-suspension cultures grown as microcalli. The cell surface presented acid polysaccharide filaments, probably responsible for cell adhesion. These filaments were disrupted by enzy...

In a double-blind, multicenter study, we compared the effects of SCH 434 (Claritin-D; Schering Corp., Kenilworth, N.J.), a new sustained-release, combination antihistamine/decongestant medication, with the effects of its individual components and placebo in 435 patients with seasonal allergic rh...

Regioselectivity is found to vary with the reagent in cyclometallation reactions of 2-(2′-naphthyl)pyridine. Mercuration produces a mixture of 1′- and 3′-naphthyl metallated species with the 1′-substituted material as the major product. Palladation results in clean 3′-naphthyl metallation, ...

5-(2-(4-pyridinyl)vinyl)-6-chloro-3-(1-methyl-2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine (1b) exhibited high affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the in vitro competition binding assays, with a Kd value in the low picomolar range, performed at room temperature and at physiological temperatu...

Bad response to refrigeration 2 (Brr2) is a member of the Ski2-like RNA helicases, and an essential component of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). A particularly important role of Brr2 is the ATP-dependent unwinding of the U4/U6 RNA duplex, which is a critical step in spliceosomal ...

The Cu2O-catalyzed reaction between equimolar amounts of easily available 3-substituted-2-bromo-2-propen-1-ols and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide in DMSO at 100 °C using K3PO4 as the base and in the absence of any additive exclusively delivers substituted 2-iminooxazolidines with yields up to 80%. T...

The glandular cells of the corpus cardiacum of the locust Locusta migratoria, known to synthesize and release adipokinetic hormones (AKH), are contacted by axons immunoreactive to an antiserum raised against the locust neuropeptide locustatachykinin I (LomTK I). Electron-microscopical immunocyto...

The midgut of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, was found to contain endocrine-like cells that stained positively for locustatachykinin I (Lom TK I)-like immunoreactivity. These cells were distributed in an unequal manner throughout the midgut of the locust, with a greater densit...

Two myotropic peptides termed locustatachykinin III and IV were isolated from 9000 brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata-suboesophageal ganglion extracts of the locust, Locusta migratoria. The primary structures of Lom-TK III and IV were established as amidated decapeptides: Ala-Pro-Gln-Ala-Gly-...

We have investigated the ontogenetic basis of locustatachykinin-like expression in a group of cells located in the pars intercerebralis of the grasshopper midbrain. These cells project fibers to the protocerebral bridge and the central body via a characteristic set of fiber bundles called the w,...

Interaction forces between negatively charged surfaces in high-salt solutions with three commercial cement dispersants, poly(carboxylate ether)-based (PCE) superplasticizer consisting of a carboxylic backbone and grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains, were directly measured with subnan...

The influence of different uncharged and charged organic compounds on the Lowest Solution Temperature (LST) of a water/dipropylene glycol propyl ether (DPnP) mixture is investigated. Depending on the nature of the additive, a salting-out or salting-in behavior could be observed. For the binary m...

Oxidative ring-opening is a potential alternative to hydrodearomatization and cracking for the conversion of multinuclear aromatic compounds to lighter products. Oxidation of multinuclear aromatics produces quinonoids that can be ring-opened by forming carboxylic acids, which can be decarboxylat...

In this study, carboxyl potassium salt polysulfone PSF-COOK60% was selected as an additive and carboxylated polysulfone PSF-COOH60% was identified as a membrane matrix material to prepare mixed matrix membranes via a traditional phase separation method. The viscosity of the casting solutions, as...