Several synthetic routes to 3-acetonyl- and 3-(2-oxoethyl)glutarates 1–5 have been explored. The most advantageous involves, as the key steps, the conjugate addition of an appropriately substituted vinylmagnesium bromide to an alkylidenemalonic ester, a bis-homologation of the resulting diester...
The desymmetrization of differently 3-substituted glutarates through enzymatic aminolysis and ammonolysis has been studied. The effect of the diester and nucleophile structures, the enzymatic preparation as well as the reaction conditions have been compared in terms of both the chemical yield an...
The in situ preparation of the novel chiral catalyst system, which are composed of (S)-2,2′,6,6′-tetramethoxy- 4,4′-bis(diphenylphosphine)-3,3′-bipyridine ((S)-P-PHOS) and palladium 2,4-pentanedionate, have been described. These complexes were found to be effective in the asymmetric triple-c...
(Liquid + liquid) equilibrium (LLE) data of (water + ethanol + dimethyl glutarate) have been determined experimentally at T=(298.15,308.15 and 318.15) K. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was ascertained by using the Othmer and Tobias correlation. The LLE data of the ternary mixt...
This paper concerns a structural and morphological investigation of poly(Gly-Ala-Glu(OEt)). Under the conditions studied, poly(Gly-Ala-Glu(OEt)) exists in one conformation whose X-ray pattern is that of a β-sheet and can be satisfactorily indexed with monoclinic or orthogonal unit cells. Electr...
Given the importance of β-alanine, the nitrilase BjNIT3397 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA110 was examined toward the hydrolysis of 3-aminopropionitrile. It has been found that nitrilase BjNIT3397 effectively hydrolyzed 3-aminopropionitrile with substrate concentration up to 3 M (210 ...
Reductive disproportionation of vinylmercuric chlorides by alkaline sodium stannite produces divinylmercurials in high yields. The reaction conditions are optimized to obtain functionally substituted divinylmercurials in pure form, free from undesirable side products.
The molecular modeling of the product distributions for the ethenolysis of 1,4-polyisoprene at 25 °C using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory reveals that chain–ring and chain–chain equilibria are completely shifted toward the formation of 2-methyl-1,5-hexadiene. The amount of cyclic oligom...
Alkadienes are formed during the decomposition of alkanes and play a key role in the formation of aromatics due to their degree of unsaturation. The experiments in this paper examined the decomposition and hydrocarbon growth mechanisms of a wide range of hexadiene isomers in soot-forming nonprem...
1,3-Octadiene, 1,3-heptadiene, and 5-methyl-1,3-hexadiene were polymerized with the catalytic systems AlEt2Cl–Nd(OCOC7H15)3–Al(iBu3), CoCl2(PtBu2Me)2–MAO, and CoCl2(PiPrPh2)2–MAO, obtaining novel stereoregular polymers, never reported before, having isotactic cis-1,4, syndiotactic cis-1,4, a...
New analytical methodologies enabling the enantiomeric separation of a group of non-protein amino acids of interest in the pharmaceutical and food analysis fields were developed in this work using Electrokinetic Chromatography. The use of FMOC as derivatization reagent and the subsequent separat...
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is a rare organic aciduria caused by the autosomal recessive inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). GCDH deficiency leads to disruption of l-lysine degradation with characteristic accumulation of glutarylcarnitine and neurotoxic glutaric acid (...
Restoration of PI3-kinase signaling portrays therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hyperactive Rho-kinase in AD negatively modulates PI3-kinase pathway, thereby cause cognitive decline. Fasudil is a Rho-kinase inhibitor that has shown therapeutic benefits in brain disorders. The pr...
The excitatory amino acids (EAA) l-glutamate (l-Glu), l-aspartate (l-Asp) and d-aspartate (d-Asp) are thought to play a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator role in neuronal communications. Recently, a high level of EAA l-Glu, d- and l-Asp isomers has been found in the forebrain of Naples high-excita...
Diethyl L-glutamate hydrochloride (3) was converted to its N-pyrrole derivative 5. Submission of 5 to butyryl chloride in boiling toluene gave the 2-butyryl derivative, and by treatment with NaBH3CN and ZnI2, the 2-butyl analogue 9. Cyclization of 9 with BBr3 afforded (5S)-3-butyl-5-ethoxycarbon...
Chitosan exhibits favorable biological properties such as no toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability; therefore, it has attracted great attention in both pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility at pH values above 6 that prevents enhancing effects at the si...
Among a new series of 26 4-(3-substituted-2-quinoxalylamino)phenylacetates and 4-(3-substituted-2-quinoxalylamino)phenylacetyl-l-glutamates, eight were selected at NCI for evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity. The results obtained in comparison with the corresponding nor-compounds se...
Liver targeted micelles were successfully constructed via self-assembly of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-modified poly(ethylene glycol)–b-poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate) (GA–PEG–PBLG) block co-polymers, which were fabricated via ring opening polymerization of γ-benzyl l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride m...
The polymeric micelles were prepared through a copolymerization of allyl polyethylene glycol (APEG) and N-isopropylacrylamide in the presence of 2-aminoethanethiol (AET), followed by a ring opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA). Doxorubicin (DOX) as a model...
1.1. The sulfur of methionine sulfone intraperitoneally injected into rats is rapidly excreted.2.2. Most of the sulfur is excreted in the urine; only a small part of this has been oxidized to sulfate.3.3. Methionine sulfone sulfur occurs in the urine in at least three forms. Some free methionine...
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