Enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) oil has been performed with different modified derivatives and compared with commercial immobilized lipases to produce omega-3 rich FAEE. Therefore, the main objective was to synthesize omega-3 esters from chia...

The first total synthesis of 6,17-dihydroxy-1,6,12,17-tetraazacyclodocosane-2,5,13,16-tetrone (bisucaberin) is presented. The synthetic scheme employed in this study illustrates the utility of O-benzyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(4-cyanobutyl)hydroxylamine 3, as an intermediate in the synthesis o...

Cultures of Shewanella putrefaciens grown in medium containing 10 mM 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (DBO) as an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase and 10 mM 1,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine) showed the simultaneous biosynthesis of the macrocyclic dihydroxamic acids: putrebactin (pbH2), avaroferrin (avH2...

Asymmetric synthesis of 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoate, a key component of the natural product bestatin and HIV protease inhibitors of KNI-272 and R-87366, has been achieved from the stereoselective aldimine coupling reaction between 3-phenyl-2-aminopropanenitrile and (Z)-α-methoxy trimeth...

Syntheses of cis-3-alkylaziridine-2-carboxylates including cis-3-benzyl- and cis-3-phenylaziridine-2-carboxylates were achieved from the reaction of α-aminonitrile and alkyldiazoacetate in the presence of a Lewis acid. Asymmetric version of this reaction with the chiral α-methylbenzylamine was...

A procedure for producing 1,4-dianion equivalents consists of reductive lithiation, induced by 4,4.-di-tert-butylbiphenylide, of functionalized phenyl sulfides. Nucleophilic addition of 4-lithio-2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)but-1-ene 1 and 2-(3-lithiopropyl)-2-trimethylsilyl-1,3-dithiane 2 thus prepa...

The reductive metabolism of 4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (NFT), a rat mammary gland and forestomach carcinogen, was examined in vitro using rat liver tissues. NFT was reduced by rat liver cytosol or microsomes on anaerobic incubation with NADPH. The stoichiometry of microsomal reduction revealed ...

The structural stability and ring inversion of 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane 2-oxide and 2-sulfide were investigated by the DFT-B3LYP and the ab initio MP2 calculations with 6-311+G∗∗ basis set. From the calculations the two molecules were predicted at the two levels of theory to exist predomi...

The 5-HT1B receptor has attracted significant interest as a potential target for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. Here we present the in vivo characterisation of a novel, selective and orally bioavailable 5-HT1B receptor ant...

In this study, a series of novel HDAC inhibitors, using 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing as the cap group, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro. Compound 14b, N-hydroxy-2-(methyl((3-(1-(4-methylbenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)amino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide, displayed the most po...

A new antibiotic peptide, trichorzianine A1, was isolated from a culture of Trichoderma harzianum. It contains 19 residues, the N terminus is blocked by an acetyl group and the C terminus is tryptophanol. As a first part of the structural study of this new peptide, we here present the analysis o...

The ionophore properties of two peptaibols of the trichorzianine family have been investigated in planar lipid bilayers and compared to those of alamethicin. Macroscopic conductance experiments reveal voltage-dependent channels only in the thinnest membranes and a greater efficiency of the neutr...

Trichorzianine A 1 is one of the main components of a mixture of related antibiotic peptides (trichorzianines) produced by the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Good crystals were obtained and allowed X-ray diffraction up to 0·8 Å resolution. The space group is orthorhombic, C2221, Z = 8, a = 64·8...

Energy optimizations are carried out on the N-terminal fragment of trichorzianine in comparison to that of alamethicin. The results indicate that the helical character of the (Ac…Pro13) sequence of trichorzianine (TA IIIc) is essentially alpha with a bend in the helix axis in the end proline re...

The biological activity and the chemical structure of the lipophilic peptides, trichorzianines, suggested that these substances could act on membrane permeability. The interaction of a major component of trichorzianines, trichorzianine A IIIc (TA IIIc), a 19-residue peptaibol containing tryptoph...

Trichorzianines A (TA) and B (TB) are microheterogeneous mixtures of antibiotic nonadecapeptides of the peptaibol class which interact with lipidic membranes and modify their permeability properties. The TB differ from the TA by replacement of the Gln-18 by a Glu, giving rise to a C-terminal neg...

Enantiospecific syntheses of (6R,7S,8aR)-dihydroxyindolizidine (1) and (6R,7R,8S,8aR)-trihydroxyindolizidine (2) from readily available methyl 2-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-α-D-altropyranoside (5) are described.

A selective PKC inhibitor, UCN-01, was shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. We investigated UCN-01 with respect to isozyme-specific PKC inhibition using purified recombinant or rabbit brain PKC isozymes, cPKCα, β and γ, nPKCδ, ϵ and ν, and aPKCζ. Of the PKC isozymes e...

A protein kinase inhibitor UCN-01 binds with high affinity to human α1-acid glycoprotein (hAGP) which may compromise the drugs therapeutic effectiveness. Liposomal formulations of UCN-01 have been evaluated as a means of reducing the impact of binding to hAGP. However, in an initial study, UCN-...

Background and objectiveUCN-01 is a staurosporine analogue shown to abrogate the G2 checkpoint through inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Preclinical evidence suggests synergy between UCN-01 and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Topotecan is an active agent in ovarian cancer. This phase II study was ...