Behavioural responses to contaminants are an important endpoint in ecotoxicology because they link effects at biochemical or cellular levels to impacts on individual fitness. Due to the increasing use of silver in nanomaterials, studies of its effects on the behaviour of aquatic organisms are im...

Two different clay nanocomposites, as sepiolite-Ag and kaolinite-Ag, are studied as carriers for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) oral administration as antimicrobial agent in additives for animal feed. A three-step digestibility assay, corresponding to stomach, small and large intestine simulations...

Formaldehyde is an important C1 synthon used in the chemical industry. Formaldehyde is mainly used in aqueous solutions. Solid precipitation from these solutions in the form of poly(oxymethylene) glycols impedes many technical processes. Acids, ionic liquids, and salts have been widely used as c...

In this research, we compared the discharge characteristics and catalytic efficiency of sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and their respective sodium salts (sodium sulfate and sodium p-toluenesulfonate) in sawdust liquefaction and found that sulfuric acid was the optimal catalyst when glyce...

The present study reports a high-throughput screening method for the salt formation of amine-containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) based on fluorescence measurements. A free form amine API was alkynylated by a solid–vapor reaction using propargyl bromide, and a fluorescent compoun...

The reaction of an equimolar mixture of N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)acetamidine (1) and di(tert-butyl)phosphane with dimethylzinc yields dinuclear bis(methylzinc) bis(2-pyridylmethyl)acetamidinate di(tert-butyl)phosphanide (2). A similar protocol allows the preparation of bis(alkylzinc) bis(2-pyri...

Enantiopure C2-symmetric bis(cyclic isothioureas), considered as potent inhibitors of glycosidases, have been synthesized from D-mannitol. The key step involved a mercuric-catalyzed transformation of a cyclic 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione into a 2-N-tert-butylamino-1,3-thiazoline.

In our previous study (Yoon et al., 2011, Pesticide Biochem. Physiol. 99: 65–76), we found that the level of foliar injury from paraquat (PA) in squash was generally less prevalent in younger leaves than in older ones. In addition, another previous study (Hyun et al., 2012, Korean J. Weed Sci. ...

By dynamic laser method, the solubilities of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + ε-caprolactone mixtures and propionic acid + cyclohexanone mixtures were determined under atmospheric pressure. The experimental temperature ranged from 283.95 to 340.45 K, and the mass...

Zinc (Zn) is the most limiting nutrient for plant growth in calcareous soils and its availability is controlled by both the solid and solution phase characteristics of the soil. Organic acid anions in soil solution may influence Zn sorption by soil particles and thus its availability. To evaluat...

Cacao shell-derived solid acid catalyst (CS-SAC) was successfully prepared by partial carbonization followed by sulfonation at various temperature (80, 100, 120 °C) and time (4, 6, 8 h) settings. The catalysts were analyzed for their acid densities and tested for their activity in the esterific...

A novel synthetic route of producing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) was developed through multiple reactions from cheap and readily-available cholic acid. The reaction conditions of the key elimination reaction of mesylate ester group were also investigated and optimized,...

A green and efficient microemulsion liquid chromatographic (MELC) method using fatty acid as co-surfactant and electrochemical detection was established and validated for the determination of four caffeoylquinic acid isomers and caffeic acid in honeysuckle samples. The influences of each individ...

The electrochemical reduction of the tricarbonylchromium alkyl-tropylium tetrafluoroborates (TCC-R−C7H6+BF4−; R=Me, Et, Pri and But) and of the tricarbonylmolybdenum and tungsten tetrafluoroborates (TCM-C7H7+BF4−; M=metal) was investigated in MeCN andMeCN+MeCOOH 50:50 V:V. The voltammetric and c...

Anionic copolymerization of a mixture of 2-(1-adamantyl)-1,3-butadiene (1) and isoprene was carried out with sec-BuLi in cyclohexane at 40 °C. The resulting random copolymers possessed the predicted compositions and molecular weights based on the molar ratios between comonomers and initiator an...

The iodination of N-(1-adamantyl)pyridinium bromide with an equimolar amount of molecular iodine yields the salt C15H20Br0.89I2.11N[C15H+20·0.41(I3–)·0.30(Br2I–)·0.29(BrI2–)] and its crystal structure was studied by X-ray diffraction.

Efficient synthetic approaches to functionalized 5-(3-R-1-adamantyl)uracils and related compounds (R=OH, COOH, NH2, etc.) are described. The selective hydroxylation of the adamantane tertiary C–H bonds in 5-(1-adamantyl)uracils with H2SO4 in trifluoroacetic anhydride is used as the key step. Su...

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of a novel porphyrazine possessing an alternate system of two peripheral substituents, 2-(1-adamantyl)-5-phenylpyrrol-1-yl and dimethylamino, are presented. Precursor maleonitriles were characterized using X-ray crystallography. Novel porphyrazine was...

By sulfonation of 3-R-1-adamantylacetic acids 1 with H2SO4 in trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), the previously unknown α-(3-R-adamantyl)sulfoacetic acids 2 were obtained. In the case of 1-adamantylacetic acid 1a, the use of ∼1 equiv of H2SO4 led to only 1-adamantylacetic acid 2a, while with an...

The sterically bulky di(1-adamantyl)benzylphosphane (L) reacts with the copper(I) compounds, CuX (X = Cl, Br, I and SCN), in a 1:1 ratio to give the salts CuXL. Single crystal X-ray structures for X = Cl, Br and SCN, show that the complexes exist as dimeric species of the type [Cu2X2L2] with the...