Rac- and meso-bis(1-hexamethylindenyl)phenylborane zirconium dichloride, {rac-, meso-(PhBBI*)ZrCl2} has been synthesised and fully characterised. The slurry phase ethylene polymerisation performance of rac-(PhBBI*)ZrCl2 immobilised on a range of methylaluminoxane (MAO)-modified, solvent-disperse...

Recovery of galacturonic acid from sugar beet pulp's pectin hydrolysate by electrodialysis process was studied. An asymmetric electrodialysis cell (consisted of three cation-selective and two anion-selective membranes) was constructed which was firstly tested by model solutions. Then measur...

UDP-galacturonic acid, the activated form of galacturonic acid (GalUA), is synthesized both de novo and by salvage pathways. The UDP-GalUA pyrophosphorylase gene involved in the salvage pathway has not been identified. Here we show that UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase from Pisum sativum with a broad...

The study carried out in this work concerns the structural characterization of pectic polysaccharides from plum (Prunus domestica L.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) cell walls and commercial pectic polysaccharides, obtained from Citrus. The α-(1 → 4)-d-galacturonic acid backbone was submitted to...

Galacturonic acid is an acidifying agent and can be utilized in the food industry. It can be recovered from the hydrolysate of various pectins by electrodialysis. In this work bipolar electrodialysis was applied to separated and concentrated galacturonic acid and finally a crystallised product w...

Citrus pulp is a waste product of orange juice processing. Pectin can be extracted from this pulp and used in the food industry. However, citrus pulp is produced in such large amounts that the pectin it contains is far in excess of the current world pectin market. An alternative strategy would b...

We have compared the anti-proliferative activity in vitro, of R2SnGala (1-3) [R = Me, n-Bu, Ph] and novel R3SnGala (4, 5) [R = Me, n-Bu] with D-(+)-Galacturonic acid [HGala; Galaq-, q = (2) and (1) for R2SnGala and R3SnGala, respectively] compounds, towards human tumor cell lines of intestinal c...

Vegetable tissues discarded at harvesting or after industrial processing constitute a valuable and renewable source of biopolymers and bioactive compounds. Upgrading of vegetable waste can not only reduce pollution but also add value to the commodity production. Plant cell walls are an important...

Poly(galacturonic acid) (PGuA) is an important natural biopolymer, however its potential has not been realized due to its anionic nature and rigid structure, which limits its processability into fine films and fibres. This study aims at modifying the solution properties of PGuA in alkaline mediu...

The reduction of 16-hydroxymethylene-3-methoxy-13α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one (14) and 16-hydroxymethylene-3-benzyloxy-13α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one (16) yielded a mixture of two diastereomeric diols, the 16α-hydroxymethyl,17β-hydroxy and 16β-hydroxymethyl,17α-hydroxy isomers (17a-20a...

177Lu is presently being considered as one of the most promising radionuclide for targeted therapy owing to its suitable decay characteristics. 177Lu in high radionuclidic purity (99.99%) and moderate specific activity (100–110 TBq/g) was produced using enriched (60.6% 176Lu) Lu2O3 target. The ...

Oral compared to parenteral estrogen administration is characterized by reduced systemic but prominent hepatic estrogenic effects on lipids, hemostatic factors, GH-/IGF I axis, angiotensinogen. In order to avoid such adverse metabolic effects of oral treatment, estradiol (E2) prodrugs (EP) were ...

The regioselective synthesis of estrogens and their derivatives continues to be of interest. Most reported syntheses require multistep protocols associated with poor overall yield and lack of regioselectivity. New preparative protocols are still desired. Herein, 11 2-alkylated 17β-estradiol ana...

The synthesis of 17α-hydroxy steroids generally requires multiple synthetic manipulations. The synthesis of 17α-estradiol is no exception, as this process involves the protection and release of the 3-hydroxy functional group. The diastereoselective reduction of the 17-keto-steroid can be utili...

Microtubule dynamics is one of the major targets for new chemotherapeutic agents. This communication presents the synthesis and biological profiling of steroidal dimers based on estradiol, testosterone and pregnenolone bridged by 2,6-bis(azidomethyl)pyridine between D rings. The biological profi...

A series consisting of substituted benzoylbenzamide derivatives of 17α-E-vinyl estradiol 6a-i and 7a-d was prepared in good overall yields from the corresponding novel iodinated benzoylbenzamide precursors using Pd(0)-catalyzed Stille coupling. Biological evaluation using competitive binding as...

The mass spectra of five alkyl 2-diethylphosphonoalkanoates [(EtO)2P(O)CH(CH2R)CO2R′, where R′ = CH3 or C2H5, and R = H, nC7H15, nC11H23, and (CH2)5CO2CH3] were investigated. A unique, prominent fragment [MR]+ is proposed to result from fission of the bond γ-to both the carbox...

A synthesis of ethyl-, butyl-, hexyl- and dodecyl-substituted fimbrolides from alkyl-substituted levulinic acid derivatives through bromination and acid promoted lactonisation is described. The underlying reactions have been investigated using levulinic acid as a model, and the effects of varyin...

Isobaric liquid phase heat capacities of nine selected aliphatic heptanols (1-heptanol, CAS RN: 111-70-6; 3-heptanol, CAS RN: 589-82-2; 4-heptanol, CAS RN: 589-55-9; 2-methyl-2-hexanol, CAS RN: 625-23-0; 5-methyl-2-hexanol, CAS RN: 627-59-8; 2-methyl-3-hexanol, CAS RN: 617-29-8; 3-ethyl-3-pentan...

The collection by air entrainment, of volatiles associated with Ulmus procera, and with U. procera infested with unmated male and female Scolytus scolytus is described. All three extracts of volatiles were active against male and female beetles in a walking arrestant-excitant bioassay, but only ...