Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium chlorite; dimethyl sulfoxide In aq. phosphate buffer at 0 - 20℃; pH=4; | 100% |
With 5 % platinum on carbon In water at 80℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 6h; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 78% |
With oxygen In water at 180℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 1h; Autoclave; | 50% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water at 25℃; | A 100% B 100% |
With water-d2 at 25℃; Rate constant; Kinetics; half life; reactions of derivatives under var. conditions; | A 100% B 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water at 95 - 97℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 2h; Reactive distillation; | 100% |
With water; Candida rugosa lipase In aq. phosphate buffer at 45℃; for 30h; pH=7.2; Enzymatic reaction; | |
With water In methanol at 100℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; acetic acid at 140℃; under 13689.1 - 52476.2 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Pressure; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave; | 99.9% |
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; acetic acid at 140℃; under 13689.1 - 52476.2 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Pressure; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave; | 99.9% |
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; acetic acid at 140℃; under 13689.1 - 52476.2 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Pressure; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave; | 99.9% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: ethylene glycol With Rh(OTf)(trop2NH)(PPh3); water; cyclohexanone; sodium hydroxide at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
Wird durch verschiedene Essigbakterien; | |
With ruthenium trichloride; N-Bromosuccinimide; perchloric acid; mercury(II) diacetate; acetic acid In water Thermodynamic data; Mechanism; Kinetics; ΔE(excit.), ΔS(excit.), ΔH(excit.), and ΔF(excit.); |
glycolic acid ammonium salt
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water | 98% |
With sulfuric acid In water; 4-methyl-2-pentanone; kerosene at 25 - 75℃; for 0.5 - 1h; pH=2 - 3; Purification / work up; | |
With sulfuric acid In water; toluene at 25 - 75℃; for 0.5h; pH=2 - 3; Purification / work up; |
Glyoxal
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminum trihydroxide; water at 165℃; for 3h; Mechanism; | 92% |
With water at 99.84℃; for 18h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | 91% |
With alkali |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid; water at 105 - 110℃; for 6h; Temperature; | 92% |
With water; microbial enzyme at 40℃; for 12h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 10 - 99 %Chromat. |
Stage #1: glycolonitrile With sulfuric acid In water for 2191.5h; pH=3; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide pH=7; Stage #3: With water; microbial enzyme at 40℃; for 12h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 99 %Chromat. |
With nitrilase from Hoeflea phototrophica DFL-43; water In aq. phosphate buffer; dimethyl sulfoxide at 30℃; for 0.166667h; pH=8; Enzymatic reaction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 60℃; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | A 8.9% B 89.9% C 6.8% |
With oxygen In water at 80℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 2h; pH=6.7; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | |
With oxygen In water at 60℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Time; High pressure; | A 7.8 %Chromat. B 55.4 %Chromat. C 7.7 %Chromat. |
benzyl glycolate
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen Hydrogenolysis; | 88% |
3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid
chloroacetic acid ethyl ester
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; chloroform; benzene | 87% |
With sodium hydroxide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; chloroform; benzene | 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave; | 86% |
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave; | 86% |
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave; | 86% |
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave; | 86 %Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide In neat (no solvent) at 25℃; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; | A n/a B 86% |
With oxygen; vanadia In water at 79.84℃; under 2250.23 Torr; for 1h; Autoclave; | A 14 %Chromat. B 13 %Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water at 150℃; for 5h; | 85% |
acetoxyacetic acid
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With copper dichloride In methanol; water for 3h; Heating; | 85% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; Mechanism; pH 7.0 - 9.0; | A 85% B 50% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With copper(II) oxide In water at 199.84℃; for 0.5h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; | A n/a B n/a C 85% |
Glycolaldehyde
A
formic acid
B
glycolic Acid
C
Glyoxal
D
carbon dioxide
E
acetic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; oxygen at 90℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 8h; Catalytic behavior; Mechanism; Temperature; Pressure; Time; Reagent/catalyst; | A 80.5% B 4.2% C 6.2% D 2.6% E 0.3% |
C11H14N2O5S
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With copper dichloride In methanol; water for 24h; Heating; | 80% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide; zinc(II) oxide In water for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; UV-irradiation; | 77% |
With dihydrogen peroxide; yttrium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 12h; | 16% |
With dihydrogen peroxide |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 180℃; under 13680.9 Torr; for 20h; Green chemistry; | A 23.3% B 76.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 160℃; under 13680.9 Torr; for 10h; Reagent/catalyst; | A 27% B 73% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminium(III) triflate; dihydrogen peroxide In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst; | A 72% B 20% C 8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 180℃; under 7600.51 Torr; for 20h; Temperature; Pressure; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry; | A 15.5% B 71% C 13.5% |
Cellobiose
A
glycolic Acid
B
gluconic acid
C
succinic acid
D
oxalic acid
E
acetic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon nanotube supported gold nanoparticles (0.5 wt%); water; oxygen at 145℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 3h; | A n/a B 70% C n/a D n/a E n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium hydroxide for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Electrochemical reaction; | A 70% B 13% C 17% |
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 60℃; for 4h; |
tartaric acid
A
glycolic Acid
B
LACTIC ACID
C
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 160℃; under 13680.9 Torr; for 10h; | A 69% B 7% C 24% |
Cellobiose
A
glycolic Acid
B
D-glucose
C
gluconic acid
D
succinic acid
E
oxalic acid
F
acetic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon nanotube supported gold nanoparticles (0.5 wt%); water; oxygen at 145℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 3h; | A n/a B n/a C 68% D n/a E n/a F n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; Amberlite IRA400 at 50℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity; | A n/a B 64% |
glycerol
A
1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
B
glycerol formal
C
glycolic Acid
D
ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate
E
diglycerol
F
oxiranyl-methanol
G
hydroxy-2-propanone
H
acrolein
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pretreated aluminium vanadium phosphate In water at 280℃; under 760.051 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Activation energy; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E n/a F n/a G n/a H 62% |
glycolic Acid
4-methyl-1,2-diaminobenzene
(5-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)methanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In water for 3h; Reflux; | 100% |
With hydrogenchloride In water for 6h; Reflux; | 83% |
With phosphoric acid at 130℃; for 3h; | 72% |
glycolic Acid
tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride
(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy) acetic acid tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine for 2h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 10h; Ambient temperature; | 97% |
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 16h; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 25℃; for 8h; | 100% |
In acetonitrile at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 53.6% |
glycolic Acid
N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-sulfur imide oxide
glycolic acid-(4-chloro-anilide)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 25℃; for 6h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; | 100% |
glycolic Acid
4-methoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine
(5-methoxy-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)-methanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In water Reflux; | 100% |
With hydrogenchloride In water for 6h; Reflux; | 51% |
Stage #1: glycolic Acid; 4-methoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water for 16h; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In water | |
With hydrogenchloride In water for 6h; Reflux; | |
With hydrogenchloride In water at 100℃; for 6h; |
glycolic Acid
benzyl 1-glycoloylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; triethylamine In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 12h; | 100% |
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; triethylamine In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 48h; | 57% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In chloroform for 0.5h; | 100% |
In tetrahydrofuran Product distribution / selectivity; |
glycolic Acid
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine
N-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-hydroxyacetamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 110℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
glycolic Acid
4,6,4',6'-tetrachloro-2,2'-(3,6-dioxa-octane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis-[1,3,5]triazine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: glycolic Acid With sodium hydride In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 0 - 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: 4,6,4',6'-tetrachloro-2,2'-(3,6-dioxa-octane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis-[1,3,5]triazine In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 0 - 20℃; | 100% |
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: (R)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: glycolic Acid With N-[(dimethylamino)-3-oxo-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl-methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 4.5h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: C25H33NO9 With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); N,N-Dimethyltrimethylsilylamine In chloroform at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: glycolic Acid With 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h; | 100% |
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: C47H58N2O14 With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); N,N-Dimethyltrimethylsilylamine In chloroform at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: glycolic Acid With 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h; | 100% |
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; HATU In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; | 100% |
glycolic Acid
4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; HATU In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 36h; | 100% |
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene | 99.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) for 0.25h; Green chemistry; | 99.3% |
2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol
glycolic Acid
N,N-dimethylethanolammonium glycolate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In xylene for 6h; Heating / reflux; | 99% |
glycolic Acid
N-[4-(4-amino-7-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-5-yl)-2-fluorophenyl]-N'-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea
N-4-[4-amino-7-(1-glycoloylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-5-yl]-2-fluorophenyl-N'-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 4-methyl-morpholine; (benzotriazo-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 17h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 130℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
(morpholinomethyl)hydrosilane
glycolic Acid
5-(morpholin-4-iomethyl)-2,7-dioxo-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-silaspiro[4,4]nonan-5-uide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.25h; Solvent; | 99% |
glycolic Acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine; HATU In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1.5h; | 99% |
With triethylamine; HATU In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 4h; | 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; propionic acid; sodium iodide at 220℃; under 20686.5 Torr; for 1h; | 99% |
Product Name: Glycolic acid (CAS NO.79-14-1)
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3
Molecular Weight: 76.05g/mol
Mol File: 79-14-1.mol
EINECS: 201-180-5
Appearance: colourless crystalline solid
Melting Point: 75-80 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 265.6 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 128.7 °C
Density: 1.416 g/cm3
Refractive index: n20/D 1.424
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents
Index of Refraction: 1.449
Molar Refractivity: 14.41 cm3
Molar Volume: 53.6 cm3
Surface Tension: 61.3 dyne/cm
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 58.47 kJ/mol
Vapour Pressure: 0.00125 mmHg at 25°C
XLogP3-AA: -1.1
H-Bond Donor: 2
H-Bond Acceptor: 3
Structure Descriptors of Glycolic acid (CAS NO.79-14-1):
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid
Canonical SMILES: C(C(=O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
InChIKey: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Categories: Pharmaceutical Intermediates; Roxatidine Acetate; omega-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids; omega-Functional Alkanols, Carboxylic Acids, Amines & Halides; Hydroxycarboxylic Acids (for High-Performance Polymer Research); Functional Materials; Reagent for High-Performance Polymer Research; Cosmetic Ingredients & Chemicals
Glycolic acid (CAS NO.79-14-1) can be used in various skin-care products.Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin.
Glycolic acid is also a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization. It is also used as a monomer in the preparation of polyglycolic acid and other biocompatible copolymers. Glycolic acid is often included into emulsion polymers, solvents and additives for ink and paint in order to improve flow properties and impart gloss.Other uses :in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent, in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative.
Glycolic acid (CAS NO.79-14-1) is prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification as follows:
ClCH2CO2H + NaOH → HOCH2CO2H + NaCl
In this way, a few million kilograms are produced annually. Other methods, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid and the hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.but not apparently in use. Glycolic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugar beets, sugarcane, canteloupe, pineapple, and unripe grapes.
Glycolic acid,we can also using an enzymatic biochemical process,compared to traditional chemical synthesis,it produces fewer impurities , requires less energy in production and produces less co-product.
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cat | LD50 | intravenous | 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 656, 1986. | |
guinea pig | LD50 | oral | 1920mg/kg (1920mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941. |
rat | LC50 | inhalation | 7100ug/m3/4H (7.1mg/m3) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | Inhalation Toxicology. Vol. 9, Pg. 435, 1997. |
rat | LD50 | oral | 1950mg/kg (1950mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941. |
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe eye irritant. A skin and mucous membrane irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Safety Information of Glycolic acid (CAS NO.79-14-1):
Hazard Codes: C
Risk Statements: 34-22
R34: Causes burns.
R22: Harmful if swallowed.
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-23
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S23: Do not breathe vapour.
RIDADR: UN 3265 8/PG 3
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: MC5250000
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: II
Glycolic acid , its CAS NO. is 79-14-1, the synonyms are 2-Hydroxyacetic acid ; Acetic acid, hydroxy- ; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101 ; Glycollic acid ; Hydroxyacetic acid ; Hydroxyethanoic acid ; Kyselina glykolova ; Kyselina hydroxyoctova .
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