Allan-Robinson Reaction J. Allan, R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc. 125, 2192 (1924). Preparation of flavones or isoflavones by condensing o-hydroxyaryl ketone

Algar-Flynn-Oyamada Reaction J. Algar, J. P. Flynn, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 42B, 1 (1934); B. Oyamada, J. Chem. Soc. Japan 55, 1256 (1934). Alkaline hydr

Aldol Reaction (Condensation) R. Kane, Ann. Phys. Chem., Ser. 2, 44, 475 (1838); idem, J. Prakt. Chem. 15, 129 (1838). Traditionally, it is the acid- or

Ene Reaction (Alder-Ene Reaction); Conia Reaction K. Alder et al., Ber. 76, 27 (1943). The addition of an alkene having an allylic hydrogen (ene) to a c

Diels-Alder Reaction O. Diels, K. Alder, Ann. 460, 98 (1928); 470, 62 (1929); Ber. 62, 2081, 2087 (1929). The 1,4-addition of the double bond of a dieno

Akabori Amino Acid Reactions S. Akabori, J. Chem. Soc. Japan 52, 606 (1931); Ber. 66, 143, 151 (1933); J. Chem. Soc. 64, 608 (1943). 1. Formation of ald

Michael Reaction (Addition, Condensation) A. Michael, J. Prakt. Chem. [2] 35, 349 (1887). Base-promoted conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles (donor

Acyloin Condensation L. Bouveault, R. Loquin, Compt. Rend. 140, 1593 (1905). Reductive coupling of esters by sodium to yield acyloins (α-hydroxyke

Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis Base-catalyzed alkylation or arylation of β-ketoesters. Subsequent mild hydrolysis and decarboxylation yield substituted acetones. Alterna

Claisen Condensation (Acetoacetic Ester Condensation) L. Claisen, O. Lowman, Ber. 20, 651 (1887). Base-catalyzed condensation of an ester containing an

Ugi Reaction (Four-Component Condensation, 4CC) I. Ugi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1, 8 (1962). The α-addition of an iminium ion and the conjugate base

The atomic arrangement of the atoms of an element when it is in its solid state.

The effective size of a nucleus in capturing a thermal neutron (slow neutron). Larger cross sections have a greater probability of neutron capture.

A chemical bond between atoms formed by the sharing of valence electrons.

The movement of heat by a moving liquid or gas. Convection results from the differences in the densities of a material at different temperatures. As a liquid or gas raises in temperature, it

1. Thermal conduction the transfer of heat between two solid materials that are physically touching each other. 2. Electrical conduction the transfer of electrical current through

a substance composed of atoms or ions of two or more elements that are chemically combined. Elements in a compound are present in definite proportions by mass and are bonded with each other

The ratio of change in length per degree centigrade compared to the base length at zero degrees centigrade. The unit of measurement is centimeter per centimeter per degree centigrade (cm/cm/

The emission of absorbed energy as light as the result of a chemical reaction. This occurs in thousands of compounds both organic and inorganic. Chemical glow sticks and fireflies are exampl

The scale for measuring temperature used internationally where the freezing point of water is zero and the boiling point of water at sea level is 100 degrees. To convert from centigrade into