CAS No.7542-45-2,ASTAXANTHIN Suppliers

Simagchem Corporation

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Ality Chemical Corporation

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Qingdao Beluga Import and Export Co., LTD

ASTAXANTHIN CAS:7542-45-2 Qingdao Belugas Import and Export Co., Ltd. is a scientific and technological company integrating research and development, production and trade of chemical intermediates, specializing in high quality organic intermediates,

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Shandong Hanjiang Chemical Co., Ltd.

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Henan Wentao Chemical Product Co., Ltd.

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Xiamen Hisunny Chemical Co.,Ltd

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Hangzhou J&H Chemical Co., Ltd.

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Zibo Hangyu Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd

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Henan Allgreen Chemical Co.,Ltd

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Astaxanthin (Synthetic) (3 x 30 mg)

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Aecochem Corp.

Our clients, like BASF,CHEMO,Brenntag,ASR,Evonik,Merck and etc.Appearance:COA Storage:in stock Application:MSDS/TDS

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Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd.

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Antimex Chemical Limied

Ansciep Chemical is a professional enterprise manufacturing and distributing fine chemicals and speciality chemicals. We have been dedicated to heterocycle compounds and phenyl rings for tens of years. This is our mature product for export. Our quali

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Xiamen AmoyChem Co.,Ltd

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Hangzhou Fandachem Co.,Ltd

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Guangzhou Lanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd

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Shanghai Chinqesen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

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ZHEJIANG JIUZHOU CHEM CO.,LTD

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HENAN SUNLAKE ENTERPRISE CORPORATION

CAS NO:7542-45-2 ASTAXANTHIN

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Changzhou Extraordinary Pharmatech co.,LTD

Changzhou Extraordinary Pharmatech co., LTD. As a leading chemical manufacturer and supplier in China.DAS authentication is passed.We can provide the popular precursor chemicals, we have our own strong R & D team, have our own laboratories and fa

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hebei wego import and export trade co.,ltd

What is Astaxanthin Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment, is a powerful biological antioxidant. Astaxanthin exhibits strong free radical scavenging activity and protects against lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage of LDL-chole

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Chemtn Biological Technology Limited

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SHINING HEALTH GROUP LIMITED

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Wuhan New-Rise Biochem Co,. Ltd

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Assstaxanthinsss powder CAS:7542-45-2

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Hangzhou Share Chemical Co., Ltd

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Simson Pharma Limited

The system can just identify the products information in first sheet, it is not be permitted to add or edit new sheet by userself.Our products are required in MG to Gram only. · Pharmaceutical Reference Standards· Traceable workin

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Nanjing Raymon Biotech Co., Ltd.

3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione Storage:keep in dry and cool condition Package:25kg or according to cutomer's demand Application:Chemical research/pharma intermediate Transportation:By Sea,by Air,By courier like DHL or Fedx. Port:Shanghai/Shen

3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

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Hebei Ruishun Trade Co.,Ltd

Supply top quality products with a reasonable price Application:api

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Synthetic route

: 5056-17-7
(2E,4E,6E)-2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial

: [(4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienyl]-triphenylphosphonium bromide

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (2E,4E,6E)-2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial; [(4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienyl]-triphenylphosphonium bromide With ethyloxirane In isopropyl alcohol for 18h; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: In dichloromethane Heating / reflux;	80%
In various solvent(s) at 63℃; for 20h; Condensation; Wittig reaction;	55%
With ethyloxirane at 63℃; for 20h;	54.7%

astaxanthin esters: astaxanthin esters

: 538-23-8
tricaprilin

A: astaxanthin octanoic acid monoester

B: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

C: di-O-octanoyl-all-trans-astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
lipase PL (from Alcaligenes) In water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 4% B 79.3% C 1%
immobilized lipase In water at 45℃; for 96h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 12.2% B 64% C 1%
immobilized lipase of Phenyl Toyopearl In water at 45℃; for 96h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 14.1% B 61.6% C 2.8%

...Expand

: 5056-17-7
(2E,4E,6E)-2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial

: [(4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienyl]-triphenylphosphonium bromide

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: 106776-90-3
semi-astacene

C: 791-28-6
Triphenylphosphine oxide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (2E,4E,6E)-2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial; [(4E)-5-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienyl]-triphenylphosphonium bromide With sodium methylate In methanol; dichloromethane at -5℃; for 19.6 - 20.5h; Stage #2: With acetic acid In methanol; dichloromethane Product distribution / selectivity;	A 75.8% B n/a C n/a

...Expand

: 538-23-8
tricaprilin

: astaxanthin oleic acid diester

A: astaxanthin octanoic acid monoester

B: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

C: di-O-octanoyl-all-trans-astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
lipase OF (from Candida) In water at 45℃; for 240h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 27.2% B 72.8% C 1%

...Expand

: 144-68-3
zeaxanthin

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium bromate; sodium hydrogensulfite In chloroform at 20 - 30℃; for 3h;	72.14%
With sodium bromate; sodium hydrogensulfite In chloroform for 0.5h;	51%

: 124-07-2
Octanoic acid

: astaxanthin oleic acid diester

A: astaxanthin octanoic acid monoester

B: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

C: di-O-octanoyl-all-trans-astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
lipase OF (from Candida) In water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 8.2% B 61.1% C 1%

...Expand

astaxanthin esters: astaxanthin esters

: 124-07-2
Octanoic acid

A: astaxanthin octanoic acid monoester

B: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

C: di-O-octanoyl-all-trans-astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
lipase OF (from Candida) In water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 10.5% B 42.6% C 1%
immobilized lipase In water at 45℃; for 96h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 2% B 23.6% C 1%

...Expand

astaxanthin esters: astaxanthin esters

: 538-23-8
tricaprilin

A: astaxanthin octanoic acid monoester

B: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
immobilized lipase In hexane; water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 1% B 15.2%

...Expand

: astaxanthin cation radical

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With TX-100 In water Rate constant; Irradiation;

: 502-65-8
lycopene

: astaxanthin cation radical

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: lycopene radical cation

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In benzene Rate constant; pulse radiolysis;

...Expand

: 144-68-3
zeaxanthin

: astaxanthin cation radical

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: zeaxanthin radical cation

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In benzene Rate constant; pulse radiolysis;

...Expand

: 7235-40-7
beta-carotene

: astaxanthin cation radical

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: all-trans β-carotene radical cation

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In benzene Rate constant; pulse radiolysis;

...Expand

: 112421-21-3
astaxanthin dipalmitate

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: 123159-02-4
astaxanthin palmitate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With rainbow trout intestine lipolytic enzymes; water at 20℃; for 48h; pH=8.0; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;

: astaxanthin decanoic acid diester

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: astaxanthin decanoic acid monoester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With water; Candida rugosa lipase at 20℃; for 42h; pH=8.0; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;

: (E)-Octadec-9-enoic acid 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-4-{(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[2,6,6-trimethyl-4-((E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy)-3-oxo-cyclohex-1-enyl]-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl}-cyclohex-3-enyl ester

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: (E)-Octadec-9-enoic acid 4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-cyclohex-1-enyl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-cyclohex-3-enyl ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With water; Candida rugosa lipase at 20℃; for 42h; pH=8.0; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;

: astaxanthin dieicosapentaenoate

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: astaxanthin eicosapentaenoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With rainbow trout intestine lipolytic enzymes; water at 20℃; for 48h; pH=8.0; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;

: astaxanthin didocosahexaenoate

A: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

B: astaxanthin docosahexaenoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With rainbow trout intestine lipolytic enzymes; water at 20℃; for 48h; pH=8.0; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;

: 110-93-0
6-Methyl-hept-5-en-2-on

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 14 steps 1.1: NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 1.2: 89.4 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C 2.1: 86 percent / conc. H2SO4 / nitromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C 5.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 6.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate 6.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone 7.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 8.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 8.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 9.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 10.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 11.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 11.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 12.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 13.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 14.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 14 steps
1.1: NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C
1.2: 89.4 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C
2.1: 86 percent / conc. H2SO4 / nitromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C
3.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C
4.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C
5.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C
6.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate
6.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone
7.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
8.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
8.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
9.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
10.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
11.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
11.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
12.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
13.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
14.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 5146-66-7
geranonitrile

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 13 steps 1.1: 86 percent / conc. H2SO4 / nitromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C 3.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C 4.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 5.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate 5.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone 6.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 7.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 7.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 8.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 9.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 10.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 10.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 11.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 12.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 13.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 13 steps
1.1: 86 percent / conc. H2SO4 / nitromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C
2.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C
3.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C
4.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C
5.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate
5.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone
6.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
7.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
7.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
8.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
9.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
10.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
10.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
11.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
12.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
13.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 23089-87-4
5-methyl-4-hexenenitrile

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 15 steps 1.1: 70 percent / diethyl ether / 1 h / 0 °C 2.1: NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 2.2: 89.4 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: 86 percent / conc. H2SO4 / nitromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C 4.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C 5.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C 6.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 7.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate 7.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone 8.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 9.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 9.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 10.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 11.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 12.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 12.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 13.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 14.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 15.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 15 steps
1.1: 70 percent / diethyl ether / 1 h / 0 °C
2.1: NaH / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C
2.2: 89.4 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C
3.1: 86 percent / conc. H2SO4 / nitromethane / 0.5 h / 0 °C
4.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C
5.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C
6.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C
7.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate
7.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone
8.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
9.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
9.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
10.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
11.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
12.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
12.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
13.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
14.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
15.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 57524-13-7
2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenecarbonitrile

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 12 steps 1.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C 3.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate 4.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone 5.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 6.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 6.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 7.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 8.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 9.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 9.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 10.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 11.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 12.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 12 steps
1.1: 95 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / ethyl acetate / 0 - 20 °C
2.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C
3.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C
4.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate
4.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone
5.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
6.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
6.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
7.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
8.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
9.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
9.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
10.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
11.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
12.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 29538-78-1
(2E,4E)-3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4-pentadienol

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 1.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 2.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 3.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 4.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

: 56830-39-8
2,4,4-Trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one-3-carbonitrile

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 9 steps 1.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate 1.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone 2.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 3.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 3.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 5.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 6.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 6.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 7.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 8.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 9.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 9 steps
1.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate
1.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone
2.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
3.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
3.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
4.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
5.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
6.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
6.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
7.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
8.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
9.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 145106-79-2
3-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenecarbonitrile

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 10 steps 1.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate 2.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone 3.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 4.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 4.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 5.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 6.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 7.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 7.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 8.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 9.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 10.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 10 steps
1.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C
2.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate
2.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone
3.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
4.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
4.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
5.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
6.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
7.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
7.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
8.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
9.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
10.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 94669-81-5
(2E,4E)-3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4-pentadienol

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 2: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 3: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

: 264279-20-1
2,3-epoxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 11 steps 1.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C 2.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 3.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate 3.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone 4.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 5.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 5.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 6.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 7.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 8.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 8.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 9.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 10.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 11.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 11 steps
1.1: 96.5 percent / LDA / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 20 °C
2.1: 66 percent / pyridinium chlorochromate / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C
3.1: p-toluenesulfonic acid; trimethyl orthoformate
3.2: 89 percent / HCl / acetone
4.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
5.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
5.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
6.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
7.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
8.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
8.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
9.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
10.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
11.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 264279-23-4
2,10,10-trimethyl-4,7-dioxaspiro[4,5]dec-1-enecarbaldehyde

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 7 steps 1.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 1.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 3.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 4.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 4.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 5.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 6.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 7.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 7 steps
1.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
1.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
2.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
3.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
4.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
4.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
5.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
6.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
7.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 264279-22-3
2,10,10-trimethyl-4,7-oxadispiro[4,5]dec-1-enecarbonitrile

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 8 steps 1.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C 2.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C 2.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C 3.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C 4.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O 5.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C 5.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C 6.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 7.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C 8.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 8 steps
1.1: 72 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / 1 h / -60 - 20 °C
2.1: nBuLi / tetrahydrofuran / -20 °C
2.2: 79 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 20 °C
3.1: 52 percent / DIBAL-H / petroleum ether / -80 - -20 °C
4.1: 97 percent / HCl / acetone; H2O
5.1: LDA / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / -20 °C
5.2: 69 percent / (+)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorsulfonyl)oxaziridine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.25 h / -20 - 20 °C
6.1: HBr / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C
7.1: 1,2-epoxybutane / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 20 °C
8.1: 55 percent / various solvent(s) / 20 h / 63 °C
View Scheme

: 108-30-5
succinic acid anhydride

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 769935-71-9
rac-succinic acid mono-(4-{18-[4-(3-carboxy-propionyloxy)-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-cyclohex-1-enyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl}-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-cyclohex-3-enyl) ester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h;	100%
With dmap In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 14h; Inert atmosphere; Darkness;
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h;

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 15761-39-4
N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-proline

: BocProOH ester of astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 20℃;	100%

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 2483-46-7, 65360-27-2, 119962-72-0
2,6-bis-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-hexanoic acid

: bocLys(boc)OH ester of astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 18h;	100%

: 24167-74-6
dimethyl phosphorobromidate

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: bis-dimethylphosphate ester of astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With methyl imidazole In dichloromethane at 37℃; for 144h;	100%

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: C16H30N2O6

: C52H76N4O6*4H(1+)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane for 18h; Darkness; Inert atmosphere;	100%

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 3,3'-dichlorocanthaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With 1-chloro-1-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-propene In dichloromethane at 20℃;	95%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 2: n-Bu4NCl / tetrahydrofuran View Scheme

: 10417-94-4
all cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: astaxanthin dieicosapentaenoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h;	92%

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 57-10-3
1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid

: 112421-21-3
astaxanthin dipalmitate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h;	92%

: 6217-54-5
docosahexaenoic acid

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: astaxanthin didocosahexaenoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h;	91%

: 124-07-2
Octanoic acid

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: di-O-octanoyl-all-trans-astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 19h;	90%

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 69954-66-1
4-(dimethylamino)butyric acid hydrochloride

: (dimethylamino)butyric acid diester of astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; benzotriazol-1-ol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); dichloromethane at 20℃; for 36h;	77.7%

HOBT-H2O: HOBT-H2O

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 69954-66-1
4-(dimethylamino)butyric acid hydrochloride

A: (dimethylamino)butyric acid diester of astaxanthin

B (dimethylamino)butyric acid diester (LVIII): (dimethylamino)butyric acid diester (LVIII)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide	A n/a B 77.7%
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide	A n/a B 77.7%
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide	A n/a B 77.7%

...Expand

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 75-36-5
acetyl chloride

: 3-acetoxy-3'-hydroxycanthaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 0℃;	64%

: 15159-40-7
4-morpholinocarbonyl chloride

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

A: astaxanthin 4-morpholine monocarbamate

B: astaxanthin 4-morpholine dicarbamate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); dichloromethane at 20℃; for 36h;	A 33.17% B 33.42%

...Expand

: 124-07-2
Octanoic acid

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

A: astaxanthin octanoic acid monoester

B: di-O-octanoyl-all-trans-astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 18h;	A 32% B 22%
lipase OF (from Candida) In water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 6% B 1%
immobilized lipase In water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 4.2% B 1%

...Expand

: 6318-55-4
cis-aconitic anhydride

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

A: astaxanthin aconitic monoester

B: astaxanthin aconitic diester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); dichloromethane at 20℃; for 36h;	A 13.25% B 27.67%

...Expand

: 116-11-0
2-Methoxypropene

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: (3RS,3'RS)-Astaxanthin-bis(1-methoxy-1-methylaethyl)aether

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 0℃; for 0.25h;	27%

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 77-92-9
citric acid

A: astaxanthin citric acid monoester

B: astaxanthin citric acid diester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 36h;	A 26.56% B 7.81%

...Expand

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: 69954-66-1
4-(dimethylamino)butyric acid hydrochloride

: dimethylaminobutyric acid monoester of astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; benzotriazol-1-ol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); dichloromethane at 20℃; for 36h;	24.5%
With dmap; benzotriazol-1-ol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 36h;	24.5%

: 538-23-8
tricaprilin

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

A: astaxanthin octanoic acid monoester

B: di-O-octanoyl-all-trans-astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
immobilized lipase In hexane; water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 23.9% B 2.3%
immobilized lipase In water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 21.9% B 2.6%
HPA25 resin-immobilized lipase In water at 45℃; for 72h; Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction;	A 19.2% B 1%

...Expand

: 70-18-8
glutathion

: 7542-45-2
3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione

: glutathione monoester of astaxanthin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; benzotriazol-1-ol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); dichloromethane at 20℃; for 36h;	23.61%

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1H-Pyrazole-3-carboxylicacid, 5-formyl-, methyl ester

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