Product Name

  • Name

    Cyclophosphamide

  • EINECS 200-015-4
  • CAS No. 50-18-0
  • Article Data25
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.33 g/cm3
  • Solubility Soluble. 1-5 g/100 mL at 23 ºC
  • Melting Point 41-45 °C
  • Formula C7H15Cl2N2O2P
  • Boiling Point 336.1 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 261.088
  • Flash Point 157.1 °C
  • Transport Information UN 1851
  • Appearance white crystalline powder
  • Safety 22-24/25
  • Risk Codes
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide)
  • Hazard Symbols
  • Synonyms 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine,2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide (6CI,8CI);(RS)-Cyclophosphamide;2-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin 2-oxide;Bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide cyclic propanolamide ester;CB 4564;CY;Clafen;Claphene;Cycloblastin;Cyclophosphamid;Cyclophosphan;Cyclophosphane;Cyclostin;Cytophosphan;Cytoxan;Endoxan;Endoxan R;Endoxan-Asta;Endoxana;Endoxanal;Endoxane;Enduxan;Genoxal;Mitoxan;N,N-Bis(b-chloroethyl)-N',O-trimethylenephosphoricacid ester diamide;Neosar;Neosar (antineoplastic);Procytox;Revimmune;SK 20501;Semdoxan;Sendoxan;Senduxan;Zyklophosphamid;
  • PSA 51.38000
  • LogP 2.21280

Synthetic route

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2λ3-oxazaphosphinane
5638-58-4

2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2λ3-oxazaphosphinane

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia at 120℃; under 3040.2 Torr; for 2h; Molecular sieve;92.3%
With ammonia; triethylamine at 20℃; under 375.038 Torr; for 2.3h;90.6%
bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride
821-48-7

bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride

propan-1-ol-3-amine
156-87-6

propan-1-ol-3-amine

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride With 4-methyl-morpholine; trichlorophosphate In neat (no solvent) at 4 - 20℃; for 5h; Green chemistry;
Stage #2: propan-1-ol-3-amine In neat (no solvent) at 4 - 20℃; for 18h; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry;		77.6%
3-(benzyloxy)cyclophosphamide
78336-01-3

3-(benzyloxy)cyclophosphamide

A

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

B

3-hydroxycyclophosphamide
78336-02-4

3-hydroxycyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethyl acetate under 2068.6 - 2327.2 Torr; for 72h; Ambient temperature; Yield given;A n/a
B 22%
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethyl acetate under 2068.6 - 2327.2 Torr; for 72h; Ambient temperature; Yields of byproduct given;A n/a
B 22%
2-bis-[2-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5,2-triazaphosphorin-4,6-dion-2-yloxy)ethylamino]-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxide

2-bis-[2-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5,2-triazaphosphorin-4,6-dion-2-yloxy)ethylamino]-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxide

A

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

B

2-chloro-1,3,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-2λ5-[1,3,5,2]triazaphosphinane-4,6-dione
10199-13-0

2-chloro-1,3,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-2λ5-[1,3,5,2]triazaphosphinane-4,6-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuryl dichloride In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 1h;A 10.9%
B n/a
N,N-di(2-chloroethyl)amidophosphoric acid dichloride
127-88-8

N,N-di(2-chloroethyl)amidophosphoric acid dichloride

propan-1-ol-3-amine
156-87-6

propan-1-ol-3-amine

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,4-dioxane; triethylamine
With triethylamine In ethyl acetate
With triethylamine In tetrachloromethane at 0℃; for 10h;
With triethanolamine In dichloromethane
(2-Oxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinan-2-yl)-bis-(2-trimethylsilanyloxy-ethyl)-amine
195966-75-7

(2-Oxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinan-2-yl)-bis-(2-trimethylsilanyloxy-ethyl)-amine

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 76.3 percent / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / Ambient temperature
2: 10.9 percent / SO2Cl2 / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C
View Scheme
oxyphosphorous chloride

oxyphosphorous chloride

(3,3-Diacetatepropyl)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphorodiamide

(3,3-Diacetatepropyl)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphorodiamide

bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride
821-48-7

bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride

A

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

B

(3,3-Diacetatepropyl)-O-methyl-N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphor amide

(3,3-Diacetatepropyl)-O-methyl-N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphor amide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In methanol; dichloromethane
...Expand
2(R)--3-<(R)-α-methylbenzyl>-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane 2-oxide
58028-71-0

2(R)--3-<(R)-α-methylbenzyl>-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane 2-oxide

A

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

B

S(-)-cyclophosphamide

S(-)-cyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium sulfate In (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrate; trifluoroacetic acid
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

3-bromocyclophosphamide

3-bromocyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With bromine; potassium carbonate In dichloromethane for 2h;100%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

3-chlorocyclophosphamide

3-chlorocyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hypochlorite In chloroform for 18h;87%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-tetrahydro-[1,3,2]diazaphospholo[2,1-b][1,3,2]oxazaphosphinine (S)-9-oxide
64724-10-3

1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-tetrahydro-[1,3,2]diazaphospholo[2,1-b][1,3,2]oxazaphosphinine (S)-9-oxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydride In diethyl ether for 2.5h; Ambient temperature;64%
With sodium hydride In diethyl ether
With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

chloral
75-87-6

chloral

(+/-)-2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3-N-cyclophosphamide)ethanol
75526-91-9

(+/-)-2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3-N-cyclophosphamide)ethanol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 30℃; Product distribution; Rate constant; var. time, var. ratio of reactants;62%
Ambient temperature;50%
rhodium(II) acetate

rhodium(II) acetate

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

2Rh(2+)*4CH3COO(1-)*2((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))=Rh2(OOCCH3)4((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))2

2Rh(2+)*4CH3COO(1-)*2((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))=Rh2(OOCCH3)4((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol Rh(II) acetate was dissolved in a min. amt. of ethanol and mixed with cyclophosphamide in 1:3 molar ratio dissolved in a min. amt. of ethanol., refluxed for 1 h; solvent removed in a nitrogen blanket, residue was washed several times wih ether, filtered, dried under vac. at room temp., elem. anal.;60%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

rhodium(II)(CH3CH2CO2)2

rhodium(II)(CH3CH2CO2)2

2Rh(2+)*4CH3CH2COO(1-)*2((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))=Rh2(OOCCH2CH3)4((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))2

2Rh(2+)*4CH3CH2COO(1-)*2((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))=Rh2(OOCCH2CH3)4((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol Rh(II) propionate was dissolved in a min. amt. of ethanol and mixed with cyclophosphamide in 1:3 molar ratio dissolved in a min. amt. of ethanol., refluxed for 1 h; solvent removed in a nitrogen blanket, residue was washed several times wih ether, filtered, dried under vac. at room temp., elem. anal.;57%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Rh-butyrate

Rh-butyrate

Rh2(butyrate)4((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))2

Rh2(butyrate)4((ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(OCH2CH2CH2NH))2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol Rh(II) butyrate was dissolved in a min. amt. of ethanol and mixed with cyclophosphamide in 1:3 molar ratio dissolved in a min. amt. of ethanol., refluxed for 1 h; solvent removed in a nitrogen blanket, residue was washed several times wih ether, filtered, dried under vac. at room temp., elem. anal.;55%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

chloral
75-87-6

chloral

2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3-N-(-)-cyclophosphamide)ethanol
75526-91-9

2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3-N-(-)-cyclophosphamide)ethanol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N,N-dimethyl-formamide Ambient temperature;46%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Benzylidenemalononitrile
2700-22-3

Benzylidenemalononitrile

((2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-2-oxo-1,3,2λ5-oxazaphosphinan-4-yl)(phenyl)methyl)propanedinitrile

((2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-2-oxo-1,3,2λ5-oxazaphosphinan-4-yl)(phenyl)methyl)propanedinitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With eosin y In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; chemoselective reaction;44%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

(+/-)-4-β-methoxycyclophosphamide

(+/-)-4-β-methoxycyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetraethylammonium tosylate Electrochemical reaction; 2.2 F/mol electricity, i=15 mA;40%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

4-hydroxycyclophosphamide
40277-05-2

4-hydroxycyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dihydrogen peroxide; unspecific peroxygenase of Marasmius rotula In aq. acetate buffer at 25℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Enzymatic reaction;32%
With dihydrogen peroxide; iron(II) sulfate
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: (i) O3, (ii) H2O2
2: P(OEt)3
View Scheme
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

3-fluorocyclophosphamide

3-fluorocyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hypofluorous acid trifluoromethyl ester In dichloromethane at -78℃; for 3h;20%
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

2-[(2-chloro-2'-fluorodiethyl)amino]-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane-2-oxide
5001-29-6

2-[(2-chloro-2'-fluorodiethyl)amino]-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane-2-oxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium fluoride; [2.2.2]cryptande In acetonitrile for 3h; Heating;10.7%
tert.-butylhydroperoxide
75-91-2

tert.-butylhydroperoxide

cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

A

4-ketocyclophosphamide mustard
27046-19-1, 69580-11-6, 69580-12-7

4-ketocyclophosphamide mustard

B

4-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclophosphamide

4-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ozone In water; acetone for 3h;A n/a
B 10%
...Expand
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-N'-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-ethylendiamin
4512-07-6

N-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-N'-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-ethylendiamin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Phosphoric acid mono-{3-[2-(2-chloro-ethylamino)-ethylamino]-propyl} ester
45164-26-9

Phosphoric acid mono-{3-[2-(2-chloro-ethylamino)-ethylamino]-propyl} ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With methanol; water
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

Phosphoric acid mono-{3-[2-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-ethylamino]-propyl} ester
45164-27-0

Phosphoric acid mono-{3-[2-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-ethylamino]-propyl} ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water
With water
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

2-oxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinan-2-ol; 2-(2-chloro-ethylamino)-ethanol salt
118872-44-9

2-oxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinan-2-ol; 2-(2-chloro-ethylamino)-ethanol salt

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide
39800-16-3, 146566-40-7

4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(i) O3, (ii) H2O2; Multistep reaction;
With ozone
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

chloroacetyl chloride
79-04-9

chloroacetyl chloride

2-[bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-amino]-3-chloroacetyl-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinane (R)-2-oxide
72578-77-9

2-[bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-amino]-3-chloroacetyl-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinane (R)-2-oxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

GLUTATHIONE
70-18-8

GLUTATHIONE

(S)-2-Amino-4-((R)-1-(carboxymethyl-carbamoyl)-2-{2-[(2-chloro-ethyl)-(2-oxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinan-2-yl)-amino]-ethylsulfanyl}-ethylcarbamoyl)-butyric acid
146697-02-1

(S)-2-Amino-4-((R)-1-(carboxymethyl-carbamoyl)-2-{2-[(2-chloro-ethyl)-(2-oxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinan-2-yl)-amino]-ethylsulfanyl}-ethylcarbamoyl)-butyric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium hydroxide In water for 24h; Ambient temperature; or with rabbit liver microsomal glutathione S-transferase, 37 deg C;
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride
18162-48-6

tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride

N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)cyclophosphamide

N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)cyclophosphamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In diethyl ether at 25℃; for 24h;
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide; aluminum nickel In methanol Product distribution; degradation under various conditions with preparation of nonmutagenic reaction mixtures of products;
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

A

Carboxyphosphamide
22788-18-7

Carboxyphosphamide

B

aldophosphamide
35144-64-0

aldophosphamide

C

4-hydroxycyclophosphamide
40277-05-2

4-hydroxycyclophosphamide

D

4-ketocyclophosphamide mustard
27046-19-1, 69580-11-6, 69580-12-7

4-ketocyclophosphamide mustard

Conditions
ConditionsYield
pharmacokinetics, metabolism;
...Expand
cyclophosphamide
50-18-0

cyclophosphamide

4-ketocyclophosphamide mustard
27046-19-1, 69580-11-6, 69580-12-7

4-ketocyclophosphamide mustard

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; dihydrogen peroxide; iron(II) sulfate In water for 120h; Ambient temperature;60 % Spectr.

Cyclophosphamide Consensus Reports

NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. IARC Cancer Review: Group 1 IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 , 1987,p. 182.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 26 , 1981,p. 165.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 26 , 1981,p. 165.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 9 , 1975,p. 135.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 9 , 1975,p. 135.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (ipr); Clear Evidence: mouse, rat RRCRBU    Recent Results in Cancer Research. 52 (1975),1. . EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Cyclophosphamide Specification

The Cyclophosphoramide with CAS registry number of 50-18-0 is also called 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine,N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-,2-oxide. The IUPAC name is N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide. Its EINECS registry number is 200-015-4. In addition, the formula is C7H15Cl2N2O2P and the molecular weight is 261.085961. What's more, it is stable and incompatible with oxidizing agents. But it is sensitive to light.

Physical properties about this chemical are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.23; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.23; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.23; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 31.69; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 31.76; (9)#H bond acceptors: 4; (10)#H bond donors: 1; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 5; (12)Polar Surface Area: 42.59 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.505; (14)Molar Refractivity: 58.09 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 195.6 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 23.03 ×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 44.3 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.33 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 157.1 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 57.92 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 336.1 °C at 760 mmHg ; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0.000115 mmHg at 25°C.

Uses of Cyclophosphoramide: it can treat many diseases such as malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, lymphocytic leukemia, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, bronchial cancer, solid tumors, rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases. In addition, it can be used to get 3-chlorocyclophosphamide. This reaction will need reagent aq.sodium hypochlorite and solvent CHCl3. The reaction time is 18 hours and the yield is about 87%.

Cyclophosphoramide can be used to get 3-chlorocyclophosphamide.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
You should avoid contact with skin and eyes and should not breathe dust.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: O=P1(OCCCN1)N(CCCl)CCCl
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C7H15Cl2N2O2P/c8-2-5-11(6-3-9)14(12)10-4-1-7-13-14/h1-7H2,(H,10,12)
(3)InChIKey: CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYAB

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LDLo intraperitoneal 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA		 Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 16, Pg. 431, 1982.
child TDLo oral 2500ug/kg (2.5mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD American Journal of Diseases of Children. Vol. 140, Pg. 1094, 1986.
dog LDLo intraperitoneal 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION		 Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 16, Pg. 431, 1982.
dog LDLo intravenous 11mg/kg (11mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

BLOOD: CHANGES IN BONE MARROW NOT INCLUDED ABOVE		 Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 2. Vol. 2, Pg. 191, 1965.
domestic animals - goat/sheep LD50 intravenous 45100ug/kg (45.1mg/kg) CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES

KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES

LIVER: OTHER CHANGES		 Dongbei Nongxueyuan Xuebao. Journal of Northeast Agricultural College. Vol. 34, Pg. 56, 1980.
guinea pig LDLo intraperitoneal 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: PTOSIS: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS		 Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 16, Pg. 431, 1982.
hamster LD10 parenteral 110mg/kg (110mg/kg)   Journal of Surgical Oncology. Vol. 15, Pg. 355, 1980.
hamster LD50 intraperitoneal 429mg/kg (429mg/kg)   Cancer Letters Vol. 2, Pg. 267, 1977.
hamster LD50 oral 763mg/kg (763mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)

BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS

BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA		 Experientia. Vol. 37, Pg. 401, 1981.
human TDLo oral 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES

SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER

KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES		 Arthritis and Rheumatism. Vol. 12, Pg. 663, 1969.
man LDLo multiple routes 45mg/kg/26W-I (45mg/kg) BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Vol. 254, Pg. 48, 1967.
man TDLo oral 56mg/kg/26D-I (56mg/kg) BLOOD: AGRANULOCYTOSIS American Journal of Medicine. Vol. 81, Pg. 1059, 1986.
man TDLo oral 56mg/kg/4W-I (56mg/kg) LIVER: OTHER CHANGES Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 78, Pg. 222, 1985.
man TDLo oral 579mg/kg/2Y-I (579mg/kg) LIVER: "JAUNDICE, OTHER OR UNCLASSIFIED"

LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED

LIVER: OTHER CHANGES		 American Journal of Gastroenterology. Vol. 95, Pg. 845, 2000.
monkey LDLo intravenous 45mg/kg (45mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

BLOOD: CHANGES IN BONE MARROW NOT INCLUDED ABOVE		 Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 2. Vol. 2, Pg. 191, 1965.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 110mg/kg (110mg/kg)   Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya Vol. 41, Pg. 90, 1978.
mouse LD50 intravenous 140mg/kg (140mg/kg)   "Radiation-Induced Cancer, Proceedings of a Symposium, Athens, 1969," Lanham, MD, Bernan-UNIPUB, 1969Vol. -, Pg. 97, 1969.
mouse LD50 oral 137mg/kg (137mg/kg)   Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 36, Pg. 240, 1973.
mouse LD50 parenteral 315mg/kg (315mg/kg)   Transplantation. Vol. 13, Pg. 316, 1972.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 200mg/kg (200mg/kg)   Advances in the Study of Birth Defects. Vol. 2, Pg. 95, 1979.
mouse LD50 unreported 480mg/kg (480mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 157S, 1968.
mouse LDLo intratracheal 200mg/kg (200mg/kg)   Toxicology Letters. Vol. 30, Pg. 63, 1986.
rabbit LDLo intraperitoneal 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MIOSIS (PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION): EYE

BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION		 Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 16, Pg. 431, 1982.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 300mg/kg (300mg/kg)   Journal of Toxicological Sciences. Vol. 34, Pg. 308, 1999.
rat LD50 intracrebral > 400ug/kg (0.4mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 760, 1966.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 40mg/kg (40mg/kg)   Clinical Proceedings of the Children's Hospital of the District of Columbia. Vol. 18, Pg. 307, 1962.
rat LD50 intravenous 148mg/kg (148mg/kg) BLOOD: NORMOCYTIC ANEMIA Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 16, Pg. 431, 1982.
rat LD50 oral 100mg/kg (100mg/kg)   Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 516, 1995.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 144mg/kg (144mg/kg) BLOOD: NORMOCYTIC ANEMIA Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 16, Pg. 431, 1982.
rat LD50 unreported 190mg/kg (190mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 157S, 1968.
women LDLo oral 16mg/kg/4D-I (16mg/kg) BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Vol. 254, Pg. 48, 1967.
women TDLo intravenous 13500ug/kg (13.5mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: VISUAL FIELD CHANGES: EYE Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 116, Pg. 92, 1992.
women TDLo intravenous 60mg/kg/9W-I (60mg/kg)   Archives of Internal Medicine. Vol. 145, Pg. 548, 1985.
women TDLo oral 45mg/kg (45mg/kg) KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES Arthritis and Rheumatism. Vol. 15, Pg. 530, 1972.

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