Minocycline supplier | CasNO.10118-90-8

Name
Minocycline
EINECS 237-099-7
CAS No. 10118-90-8
Article Data14
CAS DataBase
Density 1.553 g/cm³
Solubility 52g/L(25 oC)
Melting Point
Formula C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₇
Boiling Point 659.401 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 457.483
Flash Point 352.593 °C
Transport Information
Appearance Bright yellow-orange amorphous solid.
Safety
Risk Codes
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols
Synonyms 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide,4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-(8CI);2-Naphthacenecarboxamide,4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-,[4S-(4a,4aa,5aa,12aa)]-;CL 59806;Dynacin;Minocyclin;Minocyn;Tri-minocycline;2-Naphthacenecarboxamide,4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-,(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-;
PSA 164.63000
LogP 0.88690

Synthetic route

: 3,10,12,12a- tetraacetylminocycline

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With methanol; lithium hydroxide at 0 - 20℃; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst;	93%

: 149934-19-0
[4S-(4aα,12aα)]-9-amino-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With nitrous acid isobutyl ester In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 70℃; for 0.75h;	85%

: 993-50-0
(dimethylamino)trimethyltin

: 113164-67-3
[4S-(4α,12aα)]-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-iodo-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydronaphthacene-2-carboxamide

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
dichlorobis(tri-O-tolylphosphine)palladium In toluene for 8h; Heating;	68%
With bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 6h; Concentration; Reagent/catalyst;

: 13614-98-7
minocycline Hydrochloride

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid In methanol at 42℃; for 3h; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent;	55.4%
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water pH=6.5 - 7.0;

: 110-91-8
morpholine

: 993-50-0
(dimethylamino)trimethyltin

: 113164-67-3
[4S-(4α,12aα)]-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-iodo-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydronaphthacene-2-carboxamide

A: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

B: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-Dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-morpholin-4-yl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: morpholine; (dimethylamino)trimethyltin In toluene Heating; Stage #2: [4S-(4α,12aα)]-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-iodo-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydronaphthacene-2-carboxamide; dichlorobis(tri-O-tolylphosphine)palladium In toluene for 24h; Heating;	A n/a B 42%

...Expand

: 109-01-3
1-methyl-piperazine

: 993-50-0
(dimethylamino)trimethyltin

: 113164-67-3
[4S-(4α,12aα)]-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-iodo-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydronaphthacene-2-carboxamide

A: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

B: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-Dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-methyl-piperazine; (dimethylamino)trimethyltin In toluene Heating; Stage #2: [4S-(4α,12aα)]-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-iodo-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydronaphthacene-2-carboxamide; dichlorobis(tri-O-tolylphosphine)palladium In toluene for 24h; Heating;	A n/a B 40%

...Expand

: 503-29-7
azetidine

: 993-50-0
(dimethylamino)trimethyltin

: 113164-67-3
[4S-(4α,12aα)]-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-iodo-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydronaphthacene-2-carboxamide

A: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

B: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-7-Azetidin-1-yl-4-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: azetidine; (dimethylamino)trimethyltin In toluene Heating; Stage #2: [4S-(4α,12aα)]-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-iodo-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydronaphthacene-2-carboxamide; dichlorobis(tri-O-tolylphosphine)palladium In toluene for 24h; Heating; Further stages.;	A 10% B 35%

...Expand

: minocycline hydrochloride

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In dichloromethane; water pH=8 - 9;
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water pH=6.5 - 7;

: 64-73-3
demeclocycline hydrochloride

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: triethylamine; palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / ethanol 2: rhodium contaminated with carbon; hydrogen; toluene-4-sulfonic acid / methanol / -5 - 5 °C 3: sulfuric acid; N-iodo-succinimide / 2 h / 0 - 10 °C 4: bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; triethylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 6 h / 50 °C View Scheme

: 987-02-0
6-demethyltetracycline

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: rhodium contaminated with carbon; hydrogen; toluene-4-sulfonic acid / methanol / -5 - 5 °C 2: sulfuric acid; N-iodo-succinimide / 2 h / 0 - 10 °C 3: bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; triethylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 6 h / 50 °C View Scheme

: demethylchlortetracycline hydrochloride

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps 1: sulfuric acid; potassium nitrate / 1 h / Cooling with ice 2: potassium hydroxide / 4 h / 100 °C / Sealed tube 3: sodium hydroxide; urea; 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen / water / 6 h / 20 °C / 5250.53 Torr / Autoclave 4: hydrogen; methanesulfonic acid; 5% rhodium-on-charcoal / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 7 h / 50 °C / 5250.53 - 6000.6 Torr / Autoclave 5: nitrous acid isobutyl ester / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.75 h / 70 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: sulfuric acid; potassium nitrate / 1 h / Cooling with ice
2: potassium hydroxide / 4 h / 100 °C / Sealed tube
3: sodium hydroxide; urea; 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen / water / 6 h / 20 °C / 5250.53 Torr / Autoclave
4: hydrogen; methanesulfonic acid; 5% rhodium-on-charcoal / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 7 h / 50 °C / 5250.53 - 6000.6 Torr / Autoclave
5: nitrous acid isobutyl ester / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.75 h / 70 °C
View Scheme

: 9-nitrodemeclocycline

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: potassium hydroxide / 4 h / 100 °C / Sealed tube 2: sodium hydroxide; urea; 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen / water / 6 h / 20 °C / 5250.53 Torr / Autoclave 3: hydrogen; methanesulfonic acid; 5% rhodium-on-charcoal / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 7 h / 50 °C / 5250.53 - 6000.6 Torr / Autoclave 4: nitrous acid isobutyl ester / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.75 h / 70 °C View Scheme

Yield

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: potassium hydroxide / 4 h / 100 °C / Sealed tube
2: sodium hydroxide; urea; 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen / water / 6 h / 20 °C / 5250.53 Torr / Autoclave
3: hydrogen; methanesulfonic acid; 5% rhodium-on-charcoal / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 7 h / 50 °C / 5250.53 - 6000.6 Torr / Autoclave
4: nitrous acid isobutyl ester / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.75 h / 70 °C
View Scheme

: 6-hydroxy-9-nitrominocycline

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sodium hydroxide; urea; 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen / water / 6 h / 20 °C / 5250.53 Torr / Autoclave 2: hydrogen; methanesulfonic acid; 5% rhodium-on-charcoal / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 7 h / 50 °C / 5250.53 - 6000.6 Torr / Autoclave 3: nitrous acid isobutyl ester / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.75 h / 70 °C View Scheme

: 118-29-6
2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: C41H37N5O11

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; MINOCYCLINE With hydrogenchloride; sulfuric acid; trifluoroacetic acid at 40 - 50℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With monomethanolamine	97%

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 13614-98-7
minocycline Hydrochloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In ethanol at 0 - 5℃; for 1h; pH=1 - 2; Solvent;	92.7%

: 37595-74-7
N,N-phenylbistrifluoromethane-sulfonimide

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 1035978-88-1
10-trifluoromethylsulfonate-minocycline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: MINOCYCLINE With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: N,N-phenylbistrifluoromethane-sulfonimide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;	90%
Stage #1: MINOCYCLINE With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran for 0.75h; Stage #2: N,N-phenylbistrifluoromethane-sulfonimide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 3h;
Stage #1: MINOCYCLINE With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 0.666667h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: N,N-phenylbistrifluoromethane-sulfonimide With dmap In tetrahydrofuran Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: C21H20N2O8

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: MINOCYCLINE With mercury(II) diacetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Molecular sieve; Stage #2: With dipotassium hydrogenphosphate; water; edetate disodium In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; acetonitrile at 0 - 5℃; for 0.583333h;	87.5%

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 4-((-8-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)methyl)-2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienecarboxamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With mercury(II) diacetate; sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene at 20℃; for 1h; Molecular sieve;	22%

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 80-48-8
methyl p-toluene sulfonate

: 76-05-1
trifluoroacetic acid

: 10-methoxy-minocycline trifluoroacetate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: MINOCYCLINE With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; for 0.916667h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: methyl p-toluene sulfonate In tetrahydrofuran Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: trifluoroacetic acid In water; acetonitrile	17.4%

...Expand

: 2373-51-5
chloro-methylsulfanyl-methane

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: N2-Methyl-7-dimethylamino-6-deoxytetracyclin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
(i) MeSO3H, (ii) Raney-Ni, aq. EtOH; Multistep reaction;

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 135513-28-9
C21H20N2O8(1-)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) In water pH 8.5 buffer;

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

A: 135513-28-9
C21H20N2O8(1-)

B: 135535-66-9
C21H19N2O8(2-)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) In water Mechanism; Rate constant; Equilibrium constant; various pH;

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 135535-66-9
C21H19N2O8(2-)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) In water pH 14 buffer;

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

A: 61650-68-8
7-hydroxy-6-deoxy-6-demethyltetracycline

B: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-Dimethylamino-3,12,12a-trihydroxy-1,7,10,11-tetraoxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,7,10,11,12a-decahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

C: ((4aS,11aR,12aS)-3-Carbamoyl-2,4a,5-trihydroxy-4,6,7,10-tetraoxo-4a,6,7,10,11,11a,12,12a-octahydro-4H-naphthacen-1-ylidene)-dimethyl-ammonium

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With MES buffer; dihydrogen peroxide; potassium iodide; porcine thyroid peroxidase In water at 22℃; for 0.133333h; pH=6.5; Kinetics; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Reagents; Temperatures; reaction time; Enzymatic reaction;

...Expand

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 149934-16-7
(4S,4aS,5aR,12S)-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-9-nitro-1,11-dioxanaphthacene-2-carboxamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; nitric acid at 0℃; for 1h;

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4,7-Bis-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-9-methanesulfonylamino-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: HNO3; H2SO4 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: H2 / Pd/C / 2068.59 Torr 3: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran View Scheme

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-9-Benzenesulfonylamino-4,7-bis-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: HNO3; H2SO4 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: H2 / Pd/C / 2068.59 Torr 3: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran View Scheme

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: 737733-50-5
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-9-(4-Bromo-butyrylamino)-4,7-bis-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: HNO3; H2SO4 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: H2 / Pd/C / 2068.59 Torr 3: DMPU View Scheme

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4,7-Bis-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-9-(thiophene-2-sulfonylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: HNO3; H2SO4 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: H2 / Pd/C / 2068.59 Torr 3: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran View Scheme

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4,7-Bis-dimethylamino-9-(4-dimethylamino-butyrylamino)-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: HNO3; H2SO4 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: H2 / Pd/C / 2068.59 Torr 3: DMPU View Scheme

: 10118-90-8
MINOCYCLINE

: (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-9-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonylamino)-4,7-bis-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: HNO3; H2SO4 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: H2 / Pd/C / 2068.59 Torr 3: Na2CO3 / tetrahydrofuran View Scheme

Minocycline Specification

1. Introduction of Minocycline
Minocycline is one kind of light yellow irregular solid or bright yellow-orange amorphous solid. The IUPAC Name of this chemical is (2Z,4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-2-[amino(hydroxy)methylidene]-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-10,11,12a-trihydroxy-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,3,12-trione. Besides, Minocycline belongs to antibiotics. In addition, its Classification Code is Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibacterial; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Human Data; Mutation data; Natural Product. Minocycline is the most lipid-soluble of the tetracycline-class antibiotics.

2. Properties of Minocycline
Physical properties about Minocycline are:
(1)Flash Point: 445.4 °C; (2)Boiling Point: 812.8 °C at 760 mmHg; (3)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 123.88 kJ/mol; (4)Vapour Pressure: 6.33E-28 mmHg at 25°C; (5)XLogP3: -0.6; (6)H-Bond Donor: 5; (7)H-Bond Acceptor: 9.

3. Structure Descriptors of Minocycline
(1)InChI: InChI=1S/C23H27N3O7/c1-25(2)12-5-6-13(27)15-10(12)7-9-8-11-17(26(3)4)19(29)16(22(24)32)21(31)23(11,33)20(30)14(9)18(15)28/h5-6,9,11,17,27-28,31,33H,7-8H2,1-4H3,(H2,24,32)/t9-,11-,17-,23-/m0/s1
(2)InChIKey: FFTVPQUHLQBXQZ-KVUCHLLUSA-N
(3)Canonical SMILES: CN(C)C1C2CC3CC4=C(C=CC(=C4C(=C3C(=O)C2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O)N(C)C
(4)Isomeric SMILES: CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3CC4=C(C=CC(=C4C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O)N(C)C
(5)Smiles: [C@@H]12[C@](C(=C3[C@H](C2)Cc2c(C3=O)c(ccc2N(C)C)O)O)(C(=O)C(=C([C@H]1N(C)C)O)C(=O)N)O

4. Toxicity of Minocycline

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
infant	TDLo	oral	12mg/kg/2D-I (12mg/kg)	BRAIN AND COVERINGS: INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	Therapie. Vol. 38, Pg. 93, 1983.
man	TDLo	oral	343mg/kg/17W- (343mg/kg)	LIVER: "HEPATITIS (HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS), DIFFUSE" LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED BLOOD: EOSINOPHILIA	American Journal of Gastroenterology. Vol. 91, Pg. 1641, 1996.
mouse	LD50	intracrebral	38mg/kg (38mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT MUSCULOSKELETAL: CHANGES IN TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES	Chemotherapy Vol. 26, Pg. 196, 1980.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	310mg/kg (310mg/kg)		"Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 1, Pg. 501, 1978.
mouse	LD50	intravenous	140mg/kg (140mg/kg)		"Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 1, Pg. 501, 1978.
mouse	LD50	oral	3100mg/kg (3100mg/kg)		"Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 1, Pg. 501, 1978.
women	TDLo	oral	8mg/kg (8mg/kg)	SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, ALLERGIC: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"	American Journal of Medicine. Vol. 109, Pg. 340, 2000.
women	TDLo	oral	28mg/kg/2W-I (28mg/kg)	BRAIN AND COVERINGS: "CHANGES IN CIRCULATION (HEMORRHAGE, THROMBOSIS, ETC.)" BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: VISUAL FIELD CHANGES: EYE	Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 127, Pg. 168, 1997.
women	TDLo	oral	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)	KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: HEMATURIA KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: PROTEINURIS	British Medical Journal. Vol. 1, Pg. 524, 1979.
women	TDLo	oral	112mg/kg/4W-I (112mg/kg)	LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"	American Journal of Gastroenterology. Vol. 91, Pg. 1641, 1996.
women	TDLo	oral	730mg/kg/1Y-I (730mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: ANOREXIA (HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED	American Journal of Gastroenterology. Vol. 91, Pg. 1641, 1996.
women	TDLo	oral	1204mg/kg/86W (1204mg/kg)	MUSCULOSKELETAL: JOINTS	British Journal of Rheumatology. Vol. 33, Pg. 674, 1994.
women	TDLo	oral	17520mg/kg/12 (17520mg/kg)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE MUSCULOSKELETAL: CHANGES IN TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"	American Journal of Ophthalmology. Vol. 125, Pg. 396, 1998.

5. Safety information of Minocycline
Poison by intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intracerebral routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects by ingestion: interstitial nephritis, proteinuris and hematuris. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x.

First Aid Measures:
Ingestion: Seek medical attention. If individual is drowsy or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth; place individual on the left side with the head down. Contact a physician, medical facility, or poison control center for advice about whether to induce vomiting. If possible, do not leave individual unattended.
Inhalation: If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Keep person warm and quiet; seek immediate medical attention.
Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash exposed area with soap and water. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention. Launder clothing before reuse.
Eyes: If symptoms develop, immediately move individual away from exposure and into fresh air. Flush eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids apart; seek immediate medical attention.
Handling and Storage:
Storage: Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage.
Handling: All chemicals should be considered hazardous. Avoid direct physical contact. Use appropriate, approved safety equipment. Untrained individuals should not handle this chemical or its container. Handling should occur in a chemical fume hood.

6. Uses of Minocycline
Minocycline (10118-90-8) can be used in medication. It is a bacteriostatic antibiotic, classified as a long-acting type. Minocycline is a relatively poor tetracycline-class antibiotic choice for urinary pathogens sensitive to this antibiotic class, as its solubility in water and levels in the urine are less than all other tetracyclines. Minocycline is metabolized by the liver and has poor urinary excretion. Minocycline is not a naturally-occurring antibiotic, but was synthesized semi-synthetically from natural tetracycline antibiotics.

Product Name

Minocycline

Synthetic route

Minocycline Specification

Related Products

Hot Products