Product Name

  • Name

    Octopamine

  • EINECS 203-179-5
  • CAS No. 104-14-3
  • Article Data23
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.249 g/cm3
  • Solubility
  • Melting Point 157-158 °C
  • Formula C8H11NO2
  • Boiling Point 360.727 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 153.181
  • Flash Point 171.962 °C
  • Transport Information UN 3249 6.1/PG 2
  • Appearance White to off-white powder
  • Safety
  • Risk Codes
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 104-14-3 (Octopamine)
  • Hazard Symbols
  • Synonyms Benzylalcohol, a-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxy-(6CI,8CI);(RS)-Octopamine;1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol;2-Amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol;4-Hydroxyphenethanolamine;4-[2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol;DL-Octopamine;Norsynephrine;Racemicoctopamine;p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine;a-(Aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzylalcohol;
  • PSA 66.48000
  • LogP 1.08460

Synthetic route

C14H14N2O6S

C14H14N2O6S

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; thiophenol In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 72h;77%
5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one
121778-81-2

5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N,N-dimethyl acetamide; boron tribromide In dichloromethane63%
2-benzylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone; hydrochloride

2-benzylamino-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone; hydrochloride

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium on activated charcoal; ethanol Hydrogenation;
2,2-diethoxy-ethanamine
645-36-3

2,2-diethoxy-ethanamine

phenol
108-95-2

phenol

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 100℃;
tyramine hydrochloride
60-19-5

tyramine hydrochloride

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-Ethylmaleimide; acetate buffer; rat plasma; fumaric acid disodium salt; copper(II) sulfate; ascorbic acid; dopamine β-hydroxylase In water 1.) 37 deg C, pH=5.0, 5 min; 2.) 37 deg C, 45 min;
With N-Ethylmaleimide; acetate buffer; rat plasma; fumaric acid disodium salt; copper(II) sulfate; ascorbic acid; dopamine β-hydroxylase In water at 37℃; for 0.833333h; effect of cupric sulfate, catalase concentration and rat sample size;
2-bromo-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanone
2491-38-5

2-bromo-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanone

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(i) hexamethylenetetramine, (ii) aq. HCl, (iii) NaBH4; Multistep reaction;
hydrogenchloride
7647-01-0

hydrogenchloride

2,2-diethoxy-ethanamine
645-36-3

2,2-diethoxy-ethanamine

phenol
108-95-2

phenol

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 100℃;
at 100℃;
hydrochloride of ω-amino-4-oxy-acetophenone

hydrochloride of ω-amino-4-oxy-acetophenone

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium on activated charcoal; water; hydrogen
With ethanol; sodium
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

2-amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ketone
77369-38-1

2-amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ketone

sodium

sodium

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

2-amino-1-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-ethanone-(1)-hydrochloride

2-amino-1-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-ethanone-(1)-hydrochloride

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; palladium; palladium dichloride Hydrogenation;
With hydrogenchloride; platinized palladium Hydrogenation;
With hydrogenchloride; nickel Hydrogenation;
2-dibenzylamino-1-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-ethanone-(1)-hydrochloride

2-dibenzylamino-1-<4-hydroxy-phenyl>-ethanone-(1)-hydrochloride

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium on activated charcoal; ethanol Hydrogenation;
N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-butyramide
831171-99-4

N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-butyramide

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In methanol
[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
831172-00-0

[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In methanol
tert-butyl (2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate
126395-31-1

tert-butyl (2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: Burkholderia cepacia lipase on Celite(R); sucrose; Tris-HCl buffer / toluene; tetrahydrofuran / 142 h / 40 °C / pH 7.9
2: HCl / methanol
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: caesium carbonate / acetone
2: chloro-trimethyl-silane / methanol / Darkness
3: aq. buffer / pH 7.2 / UV-irradiation
View Scheme
N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamine
121778-75-4

N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamine

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 75 percent / K2S2O8, CuSO4 / 50 - 70 °C
2: 63 percent / BBr3/N,N-dimethylacetoamide / CH2Cl2
View Scheme
4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
123-08-0

4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: triethylamine / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: 10% Pd/C; hydrogen / methanol / 12 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitroethanol

1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitroethanol

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 10% Pd/C; hydrogen In methanol at 20℃; for 12h;
tyrosamine
51-67-2

tyrosamine

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Tyr216Ala Tyramine β‑Monooxygenase; potassium chloride; oxygen; copper(II) sulfate; sodium L-ascorbate In aq. phosphate buffer; water at 35℃; Kinetics; Temperature; pH-value; Enzymatic reaction;
C25H29BrN2O6

C25H29BrN2O6

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: chloro-trimethyl-silane / methanol / Darkness
2: aq. buffer / pH 7.2 / UV-irradiation
View Scheme
tert-butyl (2-(4-((8-cyano-7-(methoxymethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-methoxy)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate

tert-butyl (2-(4-((8-cyano-7-(methoxymethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-methoxy)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: chloro-trimethyl-silane / methanol / Darkness
2: aq. buffer / pH 7.2 / UV-irradiation
View Scheme
C18H17BrN2O3

C18H17BrN2O3

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In aq. buffer pH=7.2; Wavelength; UV-irradiation;
2-((4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-7-hydroxy-quinoline-8-carbonitrile

2-((4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-7-hydroxy-quinoline-8-carbonitrile

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In aq. buffer pH=7.2; Wavelength; UV-irradiation;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
1694-92-4

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride

4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(2-nitrophenylsulfonamido)ethyl)phenyl 2-nitrobenzenesulfonate
941584-96-9

4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(2-nitrophenylsulfonamido)ethyl)phenyl 2-nitrobenzenesulfonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: octopamine With sodium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 20℃; for 0.0833333h;
Stage #2: 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride In 1,4-dioxane; water at 20℃; for 17h;
97%
Stage #1: octopamine With sodium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 20℃; for 0.0833333h;
Stage #2: 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride In 1,4-dioxane; water at 20℃; for 17h;
97%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

<(5-methoxy-1-methyl)indol-2-yl>carboxylic acid
59908-54-2

<(5-methoxy-1-methyl)indol-2-yl>carboxylic acid

C19H20N2O4
1048685-09-1

C19H20N2O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1,2-dichloro-ethane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;96%
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

4-(2-Amino-1-methoxy-ethyl)-phenol; hydrochloride
74571-92-9

4-(2-Amino-1-methoxy-ethyl)-phenol; hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride for 0.25h;90%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

5,6-dimethoxy-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
380607-13-6

5,6-dimethoxy-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid

C20H22N2O5
1048685-05-7

C20H22N2O5

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1,2-dichloro-ethane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;88%
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

C18H17NO4

C18H17NO4

C26H26N2O5
1048685-13-7

C26H26N2O5

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1,2-dichloro-ethane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;87%
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

(2R)-3-benzylsulfanyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid
5068-28-0

(2R)-3-benzylsulfanyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid

C23H30N2O5S

C23H30N2O5S

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine; 1-hydroxy-7-aza-benzotriazole; N-[(dimethylamino)-3-oxo-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl-methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; for 2h;86%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

tert-butyl (2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate
126395-31-1

tert-butyl (2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol at 20℃;84%
With triethylamine In methanol
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

(±)-tert-butyl 2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethylcarbamate
1426855-37-9

(±)-tert-butyl 2-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethylcarbamate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: octopamine With hydrogenchloride; bromine In water at 5 - 20℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: di-tert-butyl dicarbonate With sodium hydroxide at 20℃; for 0.5h;
80%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

C28H29N3O3

C28H29N3O3

C36H38N4O4

C36H38N4O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With benzotriazol-1-yloxyl-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0℃;60%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

C28H29N3O3

C28H29N3O3

C36H38N4O4

C36H38N4O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With benzotriazol-1-yloxyl-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0℃;60%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)acetone
121409-54-9

(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)acetone

1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-[1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl) ethylamino]ethanol

1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-[1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl) ethylamino]ethanol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
47%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

1-pyrenemethanol
24463-15-8

1-pyrenemethanol

1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole
530-62-1

1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole

N-[(pyren-1-yl)methoxycarbonyl]-2-(4'-hydroxy-1'-phenyl)-2-hydroxyethylamine
1448344-25-9

N-[(pyren-1-yl)methoxycarbonyl]-2-(4'-hydroxy-1'-phenyl)-2-hydroxyethylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 1-pyrenemethanol; 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: octopamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 12h;
36%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

N-{4-[4-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenylsulfamoyl]phenyl}acetamide
373359-53-6

N-{4-[4-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenylsulfamoyl]phenyl}acetamide

N-(4-{[4-(4-{[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)anilino]sulfonyl}phenyl)acetamide

N-(4-{[4-(4-{[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)anilino]sulfonyl}phenyl)acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol under 258.574 - 1034.3 Torr;19%
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

tyrosamine
51-67-2

tyrosamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium on activated charcoal; acetic acid Hydrogenation;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

A

2-benzoylamino-1-(4-benzoyloxy-phenyl)-ethanol

2-benzoylamino-1-(4-benzoyloxy-phenyl)-ethanol

B

1-(2-benzoylamino-1-benzoyloxy-ethyl)-4-benzoyloxy-benzene

1-(2-benzoylamino-1-benzoyloxy-ethyl)-4-benzoyloxy-benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
durch Benzoylierung nach Schotten-Baumann;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

1-(2-benzoylamino-1-benzoyloxy-ethyl)-4-benzoyloxy-benzene

1-(2-benzoylamino-1-benzoyloxy-ethyl)-4-benzoyloxy-benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
durch Benzoylierung;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

4-(2-Oxo-propoxy)-benzamide

4-(2-Oxo-propoxy)-benzamide

4-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-propoxy}-benzamide
36611-38-8

4-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-propoxy}-benzamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(i) EtOH, (ii) H2, PtO2; Multistep reaction;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

5-Methyl-2-(2-oxo-propoxy)-benzamide

5-Methyl-2-(2-oxo-propoxy)-benzamide

2-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-propoxy}-5-methyl-benzamide
47453-84-9

2-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-propoxy}-5-methyl-benzamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(i) EtOH, (ii) H2, PtO2; Multistep reaction;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoic anhydride
356-42-3

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoic anhydride

Octopamin-pentafluorpropionat
62237-94-9

Octopamin-pentafluorpropionat

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 60℃; for 0.25h;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

4-hydroxy-benzoic acid
99-96-7

4-hydroxy-benzoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium periodate at 20 - 30℃;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
54-47-7

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

Phosphoric acid mono-(5-hydroxy-4-{[(E)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-6-methyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl) ester

Phosphoric acid mono-(5-hydroxy-4-{[(E)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-6-methyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl) ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water for 10h; Heating;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

pyridoxal
66-72-8

pyridoxal

4-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol

4-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water for 10h; Heating;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

Cinnamoyl chloride
102-92-1

Cinnamoyl chloride

N-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl cinnamide

N-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl cinnamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In sodium hydroxide for 0.25h;
octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

(S)-1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethane
826-01-7

(S)-1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethane

octopamine
104-14-3

octopamine

(R)-octopamine
876-04-0

(R)-octopamine

Octopamine Specification

The Benzenemethanol, a-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-, with the CAS registry number 104-14-3, is also known as 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. It belongs to the classification code of Adrenergic Agents; Adrenergic Agonists; Adrenergic Alpha-agonists; Cardiovascular Agents; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Neurotransmitter Agents; Vasoconstrictor Agents. Its EINECS registry number is 203-179-5. This chemical's molecular formula is C8H11NO2 and molecular weight is 153.18. What's more, both its IUPAC name and systematic name are the same which is called 4-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol. It should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. This chemical is an endogenous biogenic amine that is closely related to norepinephrine, and has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic systems. It is also found naturally in numerous plants, including bitter orange.

Physical properties about Benzenemethanol, a-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy- are: (1)ACD/LogP: -0.593 ; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -3.61; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -2.45; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00; (9)#H bond acceptors: 3; (10)#H bond donors: 4; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 5; (12)Polar Surface Area: 66.48 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.614; (14)Molar Refractivity: 42.757 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 122.612 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 16.95×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 61.463 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.249 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 171.962 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 63.991 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 360.727 °C at 760 mmHg; (22) Vapour Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25 °C.

Preparation of Benzenemethanol, a-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-: this chemical can be prepared by 5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one. This reaction needs reagent BBr3/N,N-dimethylacetoamide and solvent CH2Cl2. The yield is 63 %.

Benzenemethanol, a-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy- can be prepared by 5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one.

Uses of Benzenemethanol, a-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-: it is used to produce other chemicals. For example, it can produce C9H13NO2·ClH. The reaction occurs with reagent HCl and the reaction time is 15 min. The yield is 90 %.

Benzenemethanol, a-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy- can produce C9H13NO2·ClH.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1) SMILES: OC(c1ccc(O)cc1)CN
(2) InChI: InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-5-8(11)6-1-3-7(10)4-2-6/h1-4,8,10-11H,5,9H2
(3) InChIKey: QHGUCRYDKWKLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
guinea pig LDLo intravenous 200mg/kg (200mg/kg)   Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 101, Pg. 81, 1955.
mouse LD50 intracrebral 2100mg/kg (2100mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 140S, 1968.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 600mg/kg (600mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 106, Pg. 341, 1952.
mouse LD50 intravenous 75mg/kg (75mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 106, Pg. 341, 1952.
mouse LD50 oral 4200mg/kg (4200mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 140S, 1968.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 2070mg/kg (2070mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 140S, 1968.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 1350mg/kg (1350mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 140S, 1968.
rat LD50 oral 1240mg/kg (1240mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 140S, 1968.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 350mg/kg (350mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(4), Pg. 140S, 1968.

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