Product Name

  • Name

    Praziquantel

  • EINECS 259-559-6
  • CAS No. 55268-74-1
  • Article Data34
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.22 g/cm3
  • Solubility Freely soluble in ethanol or dichloromethane. Slightly soluble in water
  • Melting Point 136-138 °C
  • Formula C19H24N2O2
  • Boiling Point 544.1 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 312.412
  • Flash Point 254.6 °C
  • Transport Information
  • Appearance White or practically white crystalline powder
  • Safety 16-26-36/37/39-45
  • Risk Codes 11-34
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 55268-74-1 (Praziquantel)
  • Hazard Symbols FlammableF,CorrosiveC
  • Synonyms Drontal;Prestwick_402;4H-Pyrazino(2,1-a)isoquinolin-4-one, 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-;Biltricide (TN);2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino(2,1-a)isoquinolin-4-one;5-24-03-00361 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro- 4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]-isoquinolin-4-one;Drontal Plus;Droncit;Praziquantel (JAN/USP);Cutter;
  • PSA 40.62000
  • LogP 2.41070

Synthetic route

4-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-6-hydroxy-1-phenethylpiperazin-2-one
87693-75-2

4-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-6-hydroxy-1-phenethylpiperazin-2-one

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 0℃;95%
With sulfuric acid3.0 g (95%)
With sulfuric acid In dichloromethane at 0 - 5℃; for 4h;170.1 g
4-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-6-hydroxy-1-phenethylpiperazin-2-one
87693-75-2

4-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)-6-hydroxy-1-phenethylpiperazin-2-one

A

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino-(2,1-a)-4-isoquinoleinone (PRAZIQUANTEL)

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino-(2,1-a)-4-isoquinoleinone (PRAZIQUANTEL)

B

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In 12N-hydrochloric acidA 95%
B n/a
2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino-<2,1-a>-isoquinolin-4-one

2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazino-<2,1-a>-isoquinolin-4-one

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen In methanol at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 19h; Solvent; Inert atmosphere;93%
cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride
2719-27-9

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride

2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-one
61196-37-0

2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-one

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane for 15h; Ambient temperature;90%
With sodium carbonate In dichloromethane for 2h; Ambient temperature;85%
With triethylamine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane for 20h; Ambient temperature;70%
1-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]-4-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,3,4-trihydropyrazin-2-one
406954-89-0

1-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]-4-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,3,4-trihydropyrazin-2-one

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); tri-n-butyl-tin hydride In toluene for 16h; Heating;90%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: caesium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 18 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / methanol / 19 h / 20 °C / 760.05 Torr / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: caesium carbonate; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / 2-methyltetrahydrofuran / 22 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / methanol / 19 h / 20 °C / 760.05 Torr / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide
79848-93-4

N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide

chloroacetyl chloride
79-04-9

chloroacetyl chloride

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In dichloromethane at 20 - 25℃; for 0.7h;88%
Stage #1: N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide; chloroacetyl chloride With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane for 0.5h;
Stage #2: With N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In dichloromethane for 2h; Reflux;		81%
Stage #1: N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide; chloroacetyl chloride With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.5h;
Stage #2: With benzyltrimethylammonium chloride In dichloromethane for 2h; Reflux;		78%
Stage #1: N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide; chloroacetyl chloride With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.5h;
Stage #2: With tetrabutylammomium bromide In dichloromethane for 3h; Reflux;		68%
With N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride; sodium hydroxide In water Inert atmosphere;56%
C14H22N2O3*0.5H2O4S

C14H22N2O3*0.5H2O4S

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride
2719-27-9

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H22N2O3*0.5H2O4S at 35 - 45℃; for 10h;
Stage #2: cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride With lithium hydroxide In water at 5℃; for 5h;		86.5%
1-Cyclohexylcarbonylaminomethyl-2-chloracetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isochinolin
60567-53-5, 60567-54-6, 104916-35-0

1-Cyclohexylcarbonylaminomethyl-2-chloracetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isochinolin

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In benzene at 80℃; for 0.7h;86%
C14H22N2O3*H3O4P

C14H22N2O3*H3O4P

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride
2719-27-9

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H22N2O3*H3O4P With phosphoric acid at 10 - 20℃; for 12h;
Stage #2: cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride With calcium bicarbonate In water at 0℃; for 5h;		86%
cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride
2719-27-9

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride

N-2-phenylethyl 2-N-(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)acetamide hydrochloride
90142-14-6

N-2-phenylethyl 2-N-(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)acetamide hydrochloride

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N-2-phenylethyl 2-N-(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)acetamide hydrochloride With sulfuric acid In dichloromethane at 5 - 20℃; for 3.5h; Cooling with ice; Industrial scale;
Stage #2: cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride With sodium carbonate at 5 - 20℃; for 2.5h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Industrial scale;		85.1%
N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-(2-oxo-2-(2-phenethylamino)-ethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
90142-13-5

N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-(2-oxo-2-(2-phenethylamino)-ethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With methanesulfonic acid In 1,2-dichloro-ethane for 6h; Heating;85%
Stage #1: N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-(2-oxo-2-(2-phenethylamino)-ethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide With methanesulfonic acid at 0 - 70℃; for 6h; Pictet-Spengler cyclisation;
Stage #2: With water; sodium hydroxide pH=8; Pictet-Spengler cyclisation; Cooling with ice;		65%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 95 percent / methanesulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / Ambient temperature
2: conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
C14H22N2O3*H2O4S

C14H22N2O3*H2O4S

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride
2719-27-9

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H22N2O3*H2O4S With sulfuric acid at 0 - 5℃; for 10h;
Stage #2: cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride With sodium carbonate In water at 0℃; for 4.5h;		85%
C19H26N2O3

C19H26N2O3

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With trifluoroacetic acid In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 10h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Cooling with ice;76.8%
N-(2,2-diethoxy)ethyl-N-2-phenylethyl 2-N-cyclohexylcarbonylaminoacetamide
97004-08-5

N-(2,2-diethoxy)ethyl-N-2-phenylethyl 2-N-cyclohexylcarbonylaminoacetamide

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With methanesulfonic acid In dichloromethane for 48h; Heating;73%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 91 percent / methanesulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / Ambient temperature
2: conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
C14H22N2O3*(x)ClH

C14H22N2O3*(x)ClH

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride
2719-27-9

cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H22N2O3*(x)ClH at 10 - 15℃; for 8h;
Stage #2: cyclohexanylcarbonyl chloride With calcium hydroxide In water at 10℃; for 4h;		70.9%
4-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3,4-dihydro-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2(1H)-pyrazinone
94494-35-6

4-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3,4-dihydro-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2(1H)-pyrazinone

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid at 20℃; for 3h;70%
With sulfuric acid for 3h; Ambient temperature; Yield given;
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid {[(2-ethoxy-2-(polystyryl)oxy-ethyl)-phenethyl-carbamoyl]-methyl}-amide, via coupling with (cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-acetic acid

cyclohexanecarboxylic acid {[(2-ethoxy-2-(polystyryl)oxy-ethyl)-phenethyl-carbamoyl]-methyl}-amide, via coupling with (cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-acetic acid

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With methanesulfonic acid In nitromethane at 60℃; for 16h;57%
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-ylmethyl-[(methoxymethyl-carbamoyl)-methyl]-amide
93255-08-4

Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-ylmethyl-[(methoxymethyl-carbamoyl)-methyl]-amide

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 400 - 425℃; for 8h;49%
N-(2-phenylethyl)-N-(cyanomethyl)amide of cyclohexylcarbonylglycine
152189-66-7

N-(2-phenylethyl)-N-(cyanomethyl)amide of cyclohexylcarbonylglycine

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With formic acid; sulfuric acid; nickel 1.) water, reflux, 1 h, 2.) 20 deg C, 3 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 53 percent / formic acid, Raney Ni / H2O / 1 h / Heating
2: 70 percent / conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
(cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-acetic acid
32377-88-1

(cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-acetic acid

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 88 percent / PyBroP; 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C
2: 76 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 48 h / 40 °C
3: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 1.) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / 1.) CHCl3, 20 deg C, 30 min, 2.) CHCl3, 20 deg C, 76 h
2: 53 percent / formic acid, Raney Ni / H2O / 1 h / Heating
3: 70 percent / conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 1.) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / 1.) CHCl3, 20 deg C, 30 min, 2.) CHCl3, 20 deg C, 76 h
2: 1.) Raney Ni, formic acid, 2.) conc. H2SO4 / 1.) water, reflux, 1 h, 2.) 20 deg C, 3 h
View Scheme
2-(2-bromophenyl)ethanamine
65185-58-2

2-(2-bromophenyl)ethanamine

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 40 percent / NaBH(OAc)3 / 1,2-dichloro-ethane; various solvent(s) / 3 h / 20 °C
2: 88 percent / PyBroP; 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C
3: 76 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 48 h / 40 °C
4: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 68 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; HOBt; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / 20 °C
2: 60 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 40 °C
3: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
phenylmethyl 2-(cyclohexylcarbonylamino)acetate
243139-85-7

phenylmethyl 2-(cyclohexylcarbonylamino)acetate

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 98 percent / H2 / Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 1.5 h
2: 88 percent / PyBroP; 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C
3: 76 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 48 h / 40 °C
4: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]amine
406954-90-3

(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]amine

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 88 percent / PyBroP; 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C
2: 76 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 48 h / 40 °C
3: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
2-[N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)cyclohexylcarbonylamino]acetic acid
60744-45-8

2-[N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)cyclohexylcarbonylamino]acetic acid

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 68 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; HOBt; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / 20 °C
2: 60 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 40 °C
3: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
phenylmethyl 2-[N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)cyclohexylcarbonylamino]acetate
406954-87-8

phenylmethyl 2-[N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)cyclohexylcarbonylamino]acetate

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 98 percent / H2 / Pd/C / aq. ethanol
2: 68 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; HOBt; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / 20 °C
3: 60 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 40 °C
4: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-(2-oxo-2-(2-(2-bromophenyl)ethylamino)ethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
406954-88-9

N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-(2-oxo-2-(2-(2-bromophenyl)ethylamino)ethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 60 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 40 °C
2: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]-2-(cyclohexylcarbonylamino)acetamide
406954-91-4

N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]-2-(cyclohexylcarbonylamino)acetamide

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 76 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 48 h / 40 °C
2: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
98-89-5

Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

Nα-Fmoc-Nim-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-tryptophan 4-hydroxymethylphenoxy resin

Nα-Fmoc-Nim-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-tryptophan 4-hydroxymethylphenoxy resin

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: 61 percent / 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate; 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; 4-dimethylaminopyridine / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / 20 °C
2: 98 percent / H2 / Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 1.5 h
3: 88 percent / PyBroP; 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C
4: 76 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 48 h / 40 °C
5: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: 61 percent / 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate; 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; 4-dimethylaminopyridine / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / 20 °C
2: 98 percent / H2 / Pd/C / aq. ethanol / 1.5 h
3: 88 percent / PyBroP; 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C
4: 76 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 48 h / 40 °C
5: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: 82 percent / PyBroP; 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / 20 °C
2: 98 percent / H2 / Pd/C / aq. ethanol
3: 68 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; HOBt; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 16 h / 20 °C
4: 60 percent / tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetone / 40 °C
5: 90 percent / AIBN; Bu3SnH / toluene / 16 h / Heating
View Scheme
N-(2-phenylethyl)aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal
94508-09-5

N-(2-phenylethyl)aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 1.) NEt3 / 1.) CH2Cl2, 0 deg C, 1 h; 2.) CH2Cl2, reflux, 7 h
2: 91 percent / methanesulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / Ambient temperature
3: conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / Ambient temperature
View Scheme
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
68-12-2, 33513-42-7

N,N-dimethyl-formamide

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

4-chloro-2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-2,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-3-yldimethyliminiomethane perchlorate

4-chloro-2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-2,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-3-yldimethyliminiomethane perchlorate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide With trichlorophosphate at 20℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: 2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one at 60℃; for 5h; Vilsmeier formylation;
Stage #3: With perchloric acid In methanol		95%
2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-one
61196-37-0

2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In water Reflux;91.2%
With hydrogenchloride In ethanol for 60h; Reflux;83%
Stage #1: 2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one With hydrogenchloride; water for 24h; Reflux;
Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In water regioselective reaction;		80%
2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-<2-N-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-N-formyl-amioacyl>-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-one

2-<2-N-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-N-formyl-amioacyl>-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid In dichloromethane for 168h; Ambient temperature;81%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 38 percent / sulfur / 2 h / 180 °C
2: 73 percent / 85percent MCPBA / CH2Cl2
View Scheme
4-methoxy-benzaldehyde
123-11-5

4-methoxy-benzaldehyde

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
1403763-77-8

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol for 3h; Claisen-Schmidt Condensation; Reflux;75%
2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-cyclohexylthiocarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline-4-thione

2-cyclohexylthiocarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline-4-thione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Lawessons reagent In toluene for 3h; Heating;70%
thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
98-03-3

thiophene-2-carbaldehyde

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-(thiophen-2-methylene)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
1403763-78-9

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-(thiophen-2-methylene)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol for 3h; Claisen-Schmidt Condensation; Reflux;70%
4-methylpiperidin
626-58-4

4-methylpiperidin

formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-((4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
1403763-80-3

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-((4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 4-methylpiperidin; formaldehyd In ethanol for 0.5h; Mannich Aminomethylation; Reflux;
Stage #2: 2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one In ethanol for 8h; Reflux;		65%
...Expand
1-methyl-piperazine
109-01-3

1-methyl-piperazine

formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
1403763-79-0

2-2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 1-methyl-piperazine; formaldehyd In ethanol for 0.5h; Mannich Aminomethylation; Reflux;
Stage #2: 2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one In ethanol for 8h; Reflux;		60%
...Expand
formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

di-n-propylamine
142-84-7

di-n-propylamine

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-dipropylaminomethyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
1403763-81-4

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-dipropylaminomethyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: formaldehyd; di-n-propylamine In ethanol for 0.5h; Mannich Aminomethylation; Reflux;
Stage #2: 2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one In ethanol for 8h; Reflux;		60%
...Expand
formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

ethanolamine
141-43-5

ethanolamine

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-((2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
1403763-82-5

2-2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-((2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: formaldehyd; ethanolamine In ethanol for 0.5h; Mannich Aminomethylation; Reflux;
Stage #2: 2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one In ethanol for 8h; Reflux;		60%
...Expand
benzaldehyde
100-52-7

benzaldehyde

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-benzylidene-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
1403763-76-7

2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-benzylidene-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol for 3h; Claisen-Schmidt Condensation; Reflux;60%
2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
55268-74-1

2-cyclohexanecarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-cyclohexylthiocarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2-1a]isoquinolin-4-one

2-cyclohexylthiocarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2-1a]isoquinolin-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Lawessons reagent In toluene for 3h; Heating;50%

Praziquantel Chemical Properties

Molecular Structure:

Molecular Formula: C19H24N2O2
Molecular Weight: 312.4061
IUPAC Name: 2-(Cyclohexanecarbonyl)-3,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one
Synonyms of Biltricide (CAS NO.55268-74-1): Drontal ; Drontal Plus ; Vercom ; 2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino(2,1-a)isoquinolin-4-one ; 4H-Pyrazino(2,1-a)isoquinolin-4-one, 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro- ; 5-24-03-00361 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) ; BRN 0761557 ; CCRIS 4114 ; Cutter Tape Tabs ; Droncit ; EINECS 259-559-6 ; Embay 8440 ; Praziquantel ; Praziquantelum ; Praziquantelum [INN-Latin] ; Pyquiton ; UNII-6490C9U457
CAS NO: 55268-74-1
Classification Code: Anthelmintic [veterinary] ; Anthelmintics ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Antiparasitic Agents ; Drug / Therapeutic Agent ; Mutation data
Melting point: 136-138 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.615
Molar Refractivity: 88.76 cm3
Molar Volume: 254.2 cm3
Surface Tension: 55.2 dyne/cm
Density: 1.22 g/cm3
Flash Point: 254.6 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 82.27 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 544.1 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 6.71E-12 mmHg at 25°C

Praziquantel History

Laboratories developed the Biltricide for parasitological research of Bayer AG in Germany (Elberfeld) in the mid 1970s. The World Health Organization includes it on its Model List of Essential Medicines.

Praziquantel Uses

1. Biltricide (CAS NO.55268-74-1) is used to treat Echinococcosis
2.It is used to Cysticercosis (though it has been judged less effective than albendazole in treatment of neurocysticercosis.)
3.It is used to Intestinal tapeworms. In veterinary medicine it is widely used against tapeworms, either alone under the trade name Droncit, or in combination with pyrantel pamoate under the trade name Drontal.
4.It is used against Schistosoma.As of 2005, Biltricide is the primary treatment for human schistosomiasis, for which it is    usually effective in a single dose.
5.It is used to treat liver flukes (such as Clonorchis sinensis) except for fascioliasis.
6.It is also used to treat paragonimiasis.

 

Praziquantel Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
dog LD50 oral > 200mg/kg (200mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 555, 1981.
mouse LD50 intramuscular > 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 555, 1981.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 376mg/kg (376mg/kg)   Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 20, Pg. 228, 1989.
mouse LD50 oral 2454mg/kg (2454mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 555, 1981.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 7172mg/kg (7172mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 555, 1981.
rabbit LD50 oral 1050mg/kg (1050mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 555, 1981.
rat LD50 intramuscular > 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg)   Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 965, 1990.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 586mg/kg (586mg/kg)   Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 20, Pg. 228, 1989.
rat LD50 oral 2840mg/kg (2840mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 555, 1981.
rat LD50 subcutaneous > 16gm/kg (16000mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 555, 1981.

Praziquantel Consensus Reports

EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Praziquantel Safety Profile

Hazard Codes of Biltricide (CAS NO.55268-74-1): FlammableF,CorrosiveC
Risk Statements: 11-34 
R11: Highly flammable. 
R34: Causes burns.
Safety Statements: 16-26-36/37/39-45 
S16: Keep away from sources of ignition. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: UQ4150000
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and other routes. Human mutation data reported. When Biltricide was heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

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