Catalytic systems for dehydrogenative lactonization of 1,4-butanediol into γ-butyrolactone and the reversal hydrogenation for regeneration of 1,4-butanediol have been successfully developed. Dehydrogenative lactonization effectively proceeds under solvent-free conditions giving hydrogen and γ-...

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is an endogenous compound with known action at the neural level. Its psychoactive effects led to an illicit use context including recreational purposes, muscle building effects in bodybuilders and drug-facilitated crimes, specifically in sexual assaults. Besides t...

One-pot transition-metal-free synthesis of aromatic aldehydes and ketones via oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids in water is developed. Protocol relies on the direct decarboxylation of sp3-hybridized carbon in water without any over oxidation into carboxylic acids with minimal waste. ...

n-valeric acid (n-pentanoic acid) is the basis of new ester-type lubricants for CFC-substitutes in refrigeration systems which are made from the carboxylic acid with trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol. Together with UCC, Hoechst is one of the largest producers of n-valeric ...

The heteropolyacids “H3+n[PMo12–nVnO40]·aq” (denoted as HPA-n; n = 2, 3, 8) catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids in the presence of dioxygen with very good yields. The effect on the catalytic activity of various parameters such as the precursors, solvent, temperature or ca...

The application of high-amplitude ultrasound to liquids triggers cavitation. By the collapse of the thereby appearing vacuum cavities, high temperatures can be reached in a transient manner. The high temperatures in these hot-spots can lead to homolytic scission of chemical bonds. The thereby ge...

Several NiO–MgO systems were synthesized to be studied as nickel catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1,4-butanedinitrile in the gas phase and compared with a bulk NiO of controlled morphology. All samples were characterized by XRD, BET, TPR, TPD, SEM, and H2 chemisorption techniques. The Ni–MgO...

Infrared spectra of M(1,4-diaminobutane)Ni(CN)4·1.5G (M=Co or Ni; G=chlorobenzene, m-xylene, or p-xylene) are reported. The spectral data suggest that the compounds are similar in host structure to that of Hofmann-type clathrates M(1,4-diaminobutane)Ni(CN)4·1.5C6H6 (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cd).

Four new optically active complexes of the composition LnL3Cl3 (where, L=(S,S)-(+)-2,3-dimethoxyl-N,N′-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobutane, Ln=La3+, Sm3+, Pr3+ and Nd3+) were prepared and characterized on the basis of their chemical analyses, molar conductance, magnetic properties, CD, XPS, visible and ...

Mercury(II) cyanide reacts with 1,4-diaminobutane (bn) at a 1:1 ratio forming a polymeric complex [(bn)Hg(CN)2]∞ in which (bn) acts as a bridge between the Lewis acid Hg(CN)2 moieties. The metal complex coordination sphere Hg[(CN)2N2] is best described as distorted trigonal pyramidal. The 13C a...

A porous graphene catalyst was prepared with 1,4-diaminobutane (DAB) through amide functionalization and was used as a metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline fuel cells. DAB was used as a junction among functionalized graphene layers to impart electrocatalytic...

Three metal perchlorate complexes of general formula [M(dab)2](ClO4)2·xH2O (where M = Zn, Cu and Ni; dab = 1,4-diaminobutane) have been prepared and characterized by gravimetry, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and elemental analysis. Thermolysis has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) in air and s...

The molar heat capacity, Cp, of aqueous 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), 1,4-diaminobutane (DAB) and their corresponding blends with piperazine (PZ) were measured at temperatures from 303.2 K to 353.2 K by differential scanning calorimetry. The correlation of Cp of the aqueous binary mixtures with temp...

The one-pot reaction of N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,4-diaminobutane (MeOsalbnH2), zinc(II) perchlorate, and lanthanide(III) acetate by a molar ratio of 2:2:1 affords a heterotrinuclear Zn2Ln (Ln: La, Sm, Eu, Tb) complex formulated as [Ln(CH3COO)2{Zn(MeOsalbn)}2]ClO4. In this complex, the ...

Inhibitors for polyamine oxidizing enzymes, spermine oxidase (SMOX) and N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX), were designed and evaluated for their effectiveness in a photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) mouse model. N1-Nonyl-1,4-diaminobutane (C9-4) and N1-tridecyl-1,4-diaminobutane (C13-4) co...

Toxic but sublethal oral doses of 125 mg/kg (1.1 mmol/kg) of the cruciferous nitrile, 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane (CEB), or 175 mg/kg (2.1 mmol/kg) of its synthetic saturated analogue, n-valeronitrile (VN), were given by gavage to male CDF (F-344/CrlBr) rats once daily for 1, 2 or 3 days, in order...

SummaryRaney nickel catalysts, unpromoted or doped with molybdenum or chromium, were prepared from the precursor alloys of the type Ni2Al3. The structure and phase composition of the catalysts have been determined. Hydrogenation of valeronitrile at 90°C and 1.6 MPa- in cyclohexane was performed...

The adsorption of iso-valeronitrile (IVN) on Ag single crystal face electrodes was studied by means of capacitance measurements at near zero frequency in aqueous 0.15 M NaClO4 as a supporting electrolyte solution. Experimental data have shown that adsorption increases in the sequence of crystal ...

The radical oxidation mechanism of anthocyanin derivatives was investigated by the reaction of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in the presence of radical initiator 2,2′-azobis-(2,4-dimethyl)valeronitrile (AMVN) in EtOH and aqueous CH3CN. Six different oxidation products were isolated, depending on the s...

High pressure phase equilibria for the (carbon dioxide + valeronitrile), (carbon dioxide + capronitrile) and (carbon dioxide + lauronitrile) systems are measured in static apparatus at five temperatures of 313.2, 333.2, 353.2, 373.2 and 393.2 K and pressures up to 25.7 MPa. The three carbon diox...