In this study, esterification of propionic acid with ethanol over a tungstophosphoric acid catalyst was conducted in a batch reactor and in a pervaporation membrane reactor (MR). The performance of the esterification was determined in terms of the propionic acid conversion. Effects of the reacti...

The alkanolammonium ILs are protic ionic liquids (PILs) with low cost of preparation, simple synthesis and purification methodologies and low toxicity. The knowledge of high-pressure density and speed of sound are fundamental properties either to understand the nature of molecular interactions, ...

Chemical equilibrium for the quaternary system propionic acid + ethanol + ethyl propionate + water was experimentally studied at 303.15 and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The chemically equilibrium compositions were determined by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical m...

Ethyl esters have been considered as promising second-generation biofuel candidates, due to the available production from low grade biomass waste. Furthermore, with desirable energy densities, emissions performance, low solubility and higher Research Octane Number (RON), ethyl esters have proven...

This work reports rate coefficients of the thermal unimolecular decomposition reaction of ethyl propionate (EP) behind reflected shock waves over the temperature range of 976–1300 K and pressures of 825–1875 Torr. The reaction progress was monitored by detecting C2H4 near 10.532 μm using CO2 ...

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary system ethyl propionate (2) + para-xylene (3) and ternary system ethanol (1) + ethyl propionate (2) + para-xylene (2) at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) were obtained by a VLE modified othmer still. All the experimental data passed a ...

The vapor-liquid equilibria at 101.3 kPa of seven binary systems: ethanol (1) + cyclohexane (2), ethanol (1) + n-hexane (2), ethanol (1) + n-octane (2), cyclohexane (1) + ethyl propionate (2), n-hexane (1) + ethyl propionate (2), n-octane (1) + ethyl propionate (2) and ethanol (1) + ethyl propio...

New experimental data on solubility and critical states in quaternary system propionic acid–ethanol–ethyl propionate–water at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure are presented. Solubility and critical (plait) points were obtained by “cloud-point technique” method. Experimen...

Ab initio calculations with full geometry optimization at the 4-21G level show that methyl cyanoacetate, NCCH2COOCH3, can exist as the cis (τ=0°) or as the gauche (τ= 145°) conformer, where τ measures the (N)CC(H2)CO dihedral angle. The cis is calculated to be 3.92 kJ mol−1 more stable th...

The electrochemical oxidation of N,N-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamines has been studied in the presence of malononitrile and methyl cyanoacetate as nucleophiles in water/ethanol (80:20, v/v) mixture using some electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry and cont...

New thermally irreversible photochromic methyl cyanoacetate-condensed fulgide derivatives were prepared and their photochromic properties were investigated. Coloured form of methyl cyanoacetate-condensed derivatives C-4(a–d) show large bathochromic shifts of their long wavelength absorption ban...

Electrochemical oxidation of catechols is studied in the presence of cyanoacetone and methyl cyanoacetate as nucleophiles in aqueous solutions by means of cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. The reaction mechanism is believed to be ECEC including oxidation of catechol, interm...

Inexpensive and commercially available nano-powder magnetite is an excellent catalyst for the addition of acid chlorides to internal and terminal alkynes, yielding the corresponding chlorovinyl ketones in good yields. The process has been applied to the synthesis of 5-chloro-4-arylcyclopent-2-en...

Treatment of 1-chlorovinyl p-tolyl sulfoxides, prepared from ketones and chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide, with N-lithio arylamines resulted in the formation of sulfinylaziridines in good to high yields. The sulfinylaziridines were treated with N-lithio aniline or N-lithio p-chloroaniline to affor...

The syn-selective aldol reaction of β-chlorovinyl ketones using dienol borinates can be coupled with a trimethylsilyltriflate promoted cyclisation to give cis-dihydropyrones, 4 » 6 » 7. Use of dienol diisopinoeampheylborinates leads to an enantioselective synthesis of dihydropyrones.

The IR and UV spectroscopic data of a series of alkyl substituted β-chlorovinyl ketones have been determined. Some of the IR and UV spectroscopic criteria, developed for the S-cis or S-trans conformation of ordinary α,β-unsaturated ketones, seem to be applicable for the β-chlorovinyl ketones...

A combinatorial library of β-chlorovinyl chalcones (4) were synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction. Catalytic reaction of substituted 3-chloro-3-phenyl-propenal (2) and 1-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethanone or 1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanone (3) in alkaline conditions furnished the tar...

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) have been obtained for the systems trichloroethylene+1-pentanol, trichloroethylene+2-methyl-1-butanol and trichloroethylene+3-methyl-1-butanol at 100 kPa using a dynamic still. The experimental error in temperature is ±0.1 K, in pressure ±0.1 kPa, and in...

Excess molar volumes, changes of refractive indices, and changes of isentropic compressibilities of the ternary mixture benzene+2-methyl-2-butanol+1-pentanol, and the binary subsystem 2-methyl-2-butanol+1-pentanol have been calculated from density, refractive index, and speed of sound measuremen...

Liquid–liquid equilibrium phase diagrams for two binary systems: water+1-pentanol and water+2-methyl-2-butanol and two ternary systems: water+1-pentanol+2-butyloxyethanol and water+2-methyl-2-butanol+2-butyloxyethanol at 20°C and 30°C are presented in this paper. The experimental results were...