It is demonstrated that arsenic oxide can be extracted from materials containing also antimony oxide using a mixed solvent of 1-butanol and n-heptane. The condition is that water generated as a result of esterification is completely removed from the reaction zone as an azeotrope. The ternary liq...

The newly synthesized (α/β)-diastereomers of 6-(N-methyl-N-phenyl)aminomethylandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (5) and 6-(N-methyl-N-phenyl)aminomethylandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one (6) were firstly investigated as substrates for the whole cells of Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D in comparison with their...

Biotransformation of a series of steroid compounds (estradiol, estrone, androst-4-en-3,17-dione, testosterone, canrenone, 16α,17α-epoxyprogesterone and progesterone) with Colletotrichum lini ST-1 as biocatalyst was investigated. With the exception of estradiol, estrone and progesterone, the mi...

Reaction of androst-5-en-17-one (1) with hypobromous acid using a short reaction time (30 min) along with a careful isolation procedure gave, for the first time, the addition product, 5α-bromo-6β-hydroxyandrostan-17-one (3), in 43% yield. This bromohydrin was much more reactive than 5α-brormo...

The fungus Aspergillus tamarii transforms progesterone 1 into testololactone 5 in high yield through a four-step enzymatic pathway which is flexible to a range of steroidal substrates. To date, no studies have investigated the fate of C-6 (ring-B) and C-11 (ring-C) functionalized steroidal subst...

A novel benzoxazole appended dipodal Schiff base (BS) was synthesized and its sensing property was investigated. The receptor BS detected Zn2+ ions selectively by turn-on fluorescence among the wide range of metal ions in DMSO-H2O (1:9 v/v, 50 mM HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfo...

A novel multiarm aluminum salt of pentaerythrityl ester of tetra(carboxyethylmethylphosphinic acid) (Alcpp) was synthesized and added into thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). Thermal analysis, evolved gas analysis (TGA-FTIR), flammability tests (LOI, UL94), microcombustion calorimeter (MCC...

The fire retardancy mechanisms of aluminium diethylphosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate was analysed in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6. The influence of phosphorus compounds on the polyamide decomposition pathways was characterized using thermal analysis (...

Synthesis of aryl phosphinates was achieved through cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodides with H-phosphinates catalyzed by nickel under mild conditions. The method was applicable to various aryl iodides and H-phosphinates having defined stereochemistry at the phosphorus atom.

The interactions between kaolinite and a commercially available phosphinate-based flame retardant (Exolit® OP1311) were evaluated as flame retardant systems in Polyamide 6 (PA6). The thermal degradation and flammability of PA6 composites were studied by TGA and cone calorimeter tests. Characteri...

Both alkylphosphinates and inorganic phosphinates (based on sodium, calcium, magnesium or zinc) have been recently proposed as flame retardants for polyesters, polyamides and polyurethane foams as well. The main aim of this work was to compare the flame retardant effectiveness of inorganic (alre...

The incorporation of both OMPOSS and Exolit OP950 (zinc phosphinate) into PET leads to increased fire retarding properties and a synergistic effect has been established between the three components. Here the thermal degradation of OMPOSS, Exolit OP950, PET and blends of them is investigated via ...

The effect of changing the ratio of aluminium diethyl phosphinate (as Exolit OP1230) and zinc stannate (as Flamtard S) present within a glass-reinforced high temperature polyamide (HTPA/GF) at a constant total flame retardant level of 15 wt% is shown to have fire performance properties that depe...

This paper deals with the fire behaviour of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filled with Exolit OP950, a zinc phosphinate fire retardant, and three polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) having different chemical structures. Regardless of the POSS type, intumescence occurs during combus...

The reactions of lithium(I) or zinc(II) ion with 2-carboxyethyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid (H2L) afforded two tetrahedrally coordinated metal carboxylate-phosphonites, namely, [Li(HL)] (1) and [Zn(L)] (2), which crystallize in the space groups C2/c and R-3, respectively. Compound 1 shows a double-la...

This study investigates the thermal decomposition and fire behavior of zinc phosphinate (ZnP) in combination with low sulphonate content alkali lignin (LS) in a polyamide 11 (PA11) matrix. The influence of ZnP with LS on PA11 was assessed by using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FTIR spe...

Acid mine drainage and mining wastewaters contain, depending on the source, elevated concentrations of metals, e.g. nickel (Ni2+), and oxyanions, e.g. selenate (SeO42−) and sulfate (SO42−). This study compared the performance of two reactor configurations, a biotrickling filter (BTF) and an upfl...

There has been a significant interest in the development of novel anode materials that can solve the problems of lithium plating and dendrite formation during the discharge-charge process, thus ensuring safety in Li-ion batteries. We synthesized tetragonal CeVO4 as an alternative to graphite, th...

Although vanadium-based materials are potential electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, the development of commonly known vanadium-based crystalline phases is hindered by their inferior cyclic performance. Unlike crystalline phases, the amorphous vanadium-based materials do not exhibit undesir...

A layered potassium vanadate K0.23V2O5 has been successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method and evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion and potassium-ion batteries. High structural stability is demonstrated by the ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ scanning electron microsco...