ObjectiveTo evaluate analgesic efficacies of morphine and butorphanol in lame broiler chickens.

Drugs of abuse trigger a very specific type of memory called state-dependent memory (SDM). Both memory process and drug addiction are underlain by neuroplasticity, which depends on calcium concentration and protein kinase activity.Within the scope of this study was to evaluate the impact of vera...

Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone which regulates appetite and energy balance in the body. Recent studies show that ghrelin has been linked to the learning and memory process. Ghrelin also modulates reward properties of addictive drugs. However, the involvement of ghrelin in cognitive effects...

An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of 3-(diarylmethylene)-2-oxindoles and 3-(arylmethylene)-2-oxindoles via carbopalladation is described. In this approach, an Ugi-4-component reaction (4-CR) adduct was used as the starting material. A one-pot sequence involving intermolecular...

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are considered to be a major toxic component of oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW) and are also widely used for industrial processes. The effects of previously identified NAs (54 in total), together with six alkylphenols, were modelled for a range of environmental an...

Synthesis and biological evaluation of various aroylpropionic acid derivatives containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole nucleus is reported here. The compounds (3a–w) were synthesized by cyclization of 3-aroylpropionic acids into 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus by treating with various aryl acid hydrazides in the ...

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1), previously known as GPR40 is a G protein-coupled receptor and a new target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Two series of FFA1 agonists utilizing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-caboxamide scaffold were synthetized. Both series offered significant improvement of the pot...

Aminomethylene phosphonates are important scale inhibitors applied in diverse areas of technology. This study adds to the existing body of information on this subject and reports the crystal and molecular structures of tetrasodium 2-hydroxyethylamino-bis(methylene-phosphonate) decahydrate ([Na4(...

To investigate the construction of interpenetrating frameworks, two novel coordination polymers [Co(bimb)3](NO3)2·2H2O (1) and [Co(bimb)(bdc)]·H2O (2) [bimb = 4,4′-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)biphenyl; H2bdc = 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid] were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by ...

A novel Schiff base ligand, (E)-1-(((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL), has been designed and synthesized in addition to its metal chelates [Co(L)2]·l2H2O, [Ni(L)Cl·(H2O)2].5H2O, [Cu(L)Cl] and [Zn(L)(CH3COO)]. The structures of the isolated compounds have been co...

In this structure-activity relationship study, the influence of aryl substituents at position 5 or 6 on the pharmacological profile of the partial PPARγ agonist 4‘-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1‘-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid was investigated. This lead was previously identifi...

The compound [Hb]2[Cu(mnt)2] (1) [Hb = 1-(4-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium] has been synthesized, starting from 1,4-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene, cupric chloride, and Na2mnt in methanol. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system with C2/c space group. In the cryst...

An aggregate of experimental and computational study on synthesis, molecular structure, vibrational, electronic, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, electronic structure, NLO activity and thermochemical characterization has been investigated for 3-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl) naphthalen-2-...

The Arctic has become a sink for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) originating from lower latitudes, and relatively high levels have been found in different biota. Recent studies have identified detrimental effects on wildlife including endocrine disruption, impairment of enzyme activity, and...

Several hydroxamic acids, RCONHON, have been shown to be directacting mutagens for Salmonella. Hydroxamic acids may be metabolically converted to O-sulfonate and O-acetate derivatives by mammals. Thus, the O-sulfonate, O-formate, O-acetate and O-propionate esters of 2-naphthohydroxamic acid and ...

2-Naphthohydroxamic acid, 4-N-butoxyphenylacetohydroxamic acid, and their O-sulfonate, O-formate, O-acetate, and O-propionate derivatives were studied for cytotoxicity and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 2-Naphthylisocyanate, 2-aminonaphthalene (2 ...

The trifluoromethylation of enamines of ethyl 3-oxocarboxylates catalyzed by Fenton reagent with CF3I was investigated. Trifluoromethylation followed by acid hydrolysis provided 3-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)carboxylates in 64–94% yields, which were greater than those obtained by the trifluoromethyl...

Hanatoxin (HaTx), a 35-residue polypeptide from spider venom, functions as an inhibitor of Kv2.1 channels by interacting with phospholipids prior to affecting the voltage-sensor. However, how this water-soluble peptide modifies the gating remains poorly understood, as the voltage-sensor is deepl...

Three zirconium(IV) complexes (1–3) with mono- and dinucleating tripodal ligands are reported that promote the hydrolysis of the phosphate monoesters p-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) and phenyl phosphate (PP) in neutral solution. At pH 7 up to 104- and 106-fold rate accelerations of the hydrolysis...

We have performed density functional theory calculations on the alcoholysis and thiolysis of four triesters with aryl and alkyl leaving groups in the gas phase and in solution. It is found that the alcoholysis of diethyl p-chlorophenyl phosphate proceeds through a concerned mechanism, while an a...