The hepatotoxicity of the 3 isomers of para-substituted thiobenzamides and the 3 isomers of 2-(para-substituted phenyl)-4-methylthiazoles was evaluated in mice depleted of glutathione (GSH) by pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). In accordance with previous studies with the rat, p-met...
High-valent iron(IV)-oxo species was proved to be the main oxidizing species for hydroxylation of benzene to phenol by a Fenton-like reagent in triethylammonium acetate ionic liquid via UV–vis and ESI-MS characterization, while hydroxyl radical was excluded by detailed investigations. It was fo...
The speciation of protic ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted high attention in the recent years, due to its effect in the properties of the resulting liquids. In this work we analyze the behavior of mixtures between triethylamine (N222) and acetic acid (HOAc), a system that generates controversy a...
Phenols can be selectively deoxygenated by reduction of the corresponding aryl triflates with triethylammonium formate in the presence of a homogeneous palladium catalyst.
The significant considerations have centred on the utilization of the bio-ionic liquids as green solvents to replace or minimize conventional environment-harming organic solvents. Ionic liquids have many remarkable environment-accepting properties such as ease of reuse, low vapour pressure, and ...
Aromatic nitro compounds were reduced to the corresponding symmetrically substituted azo compounds using lead as catalyst and triethylammonium formate as hydrogen donor. Various azo compounds containing additional reducible substituents including halogens, nitrile, acid, phenol, ester, methoxy f...
Recently, we found a region A (a hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4-binding site from nucleotides −701 to −684) and a region B (an HNF-1-binding site from nucleotides −682 to −666) as cis-acting elements necessary for the transcriptional activation of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4 gen...
The stereoselective acetylation of meso-decalindiols 1 and 2 by vinyl acetate in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase gave monoester (1R,4S,4aR,8aS)-5 and (1R,4S,4aR,8aS)-6 in high enantiomeric excess (ee ⩾98%). The hydrolysis of the corresponding meso-diacetates 3 and 4 in the presence of ...
The nutritional state of organisms and energy balance related diseases such as diabetes regulate the metabolism of xenobiotics such as drugs, toxins and carcinogens. However, the mechanisms behind this regulation are mostly unknown. The xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A5 enzyme ha...
Background & AimsFolate and cobalamin are methyl donors needed for the synthesis of methionine, which is the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, the substrate of methylation in epigenetic, and epigenomic pathways. Methyl donor deficiency produces liver steatosis and predisposes to metabolic syndr...
AimsSolute carrier 2a2 (Slc2a2) gene codifies the glucose transporter GLUT2, a key protein for glucose flux in hepatocytes and renal epithelial cells of proximal tubule. In diabetes mellitus, hepatic and tubular glucose output has been related to Slc2a2/GLUT2 overexpression; and controlling the ...
BackgroundThe hepatic acute phase response(APR) is an organ-specific response to a diverse array of insults and is largely under transcriptional control. Liver-specific transcription factors, hepatic nuclear factors (HNFs)-1α and 4α play important roles in maintenance of liver phenotype and fu...
AimAmong the pro-vitamin A carotenoids, β-carotene is an excellent source of vitamin A. β-Carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of β-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates. In the present study, we invest...
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4α) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily with important roles in hepatic metabolism. Fasting induces the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)-signaling pathway. The mechanisms whereby cAMP regulates HNF-4α transcriptional activity are incompletely under...
An efficient resolution of 2,3-dibromocyclohex-5-en-1,4-diol has been carried out, using Mucor miehei lipase operating in an organic solvent. The enantioforms obtained may find application in the preparation of chiral conduritols.
The deoxy-conduritol (1α, 2α, 4β)-1, 2, 4-trihydroxycyclohex-5-ene (6) has been prepared in racemic form from 1, 4-benzoquinone in a six-step sequence, the key reaction involving a monohalide displacement by anchimeric assistance in the diacetoxy-dibromo compound previously employed for a syn...
Evidence for the intermediacy of a 4β-hydroxymethyl-1α, 2α, 3α-trihydroxycyclopentanetdol (5 or6) in the biosynthesis of the nucleoside antibiotic aristeromycin (1) has been obtained by administration of doubly-labeled forms of D-glucose to the fermentation broth ofStreptomyces citricolor fo...
Simultaneous and accurate measurement of circulating vitamin D metabolites is critical to studies of the metabolic regulation of vitamin D and its impact on health and disease. To that end, we have developed a specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method that permi...
Three different A-ring perhydroxylated trihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites were synthesized from their appropriate A-ring precursors and CD-ring for their potential therapeutic applications. We first chemically synthesized 1α,2α,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,2α,25(OH)3D3] to study its VDR binding...
(+)-3-Carene-, (S)-(–)-α-pinene- and (R)-(+)-limonene-derived α-nitroso chlorides on treatment with an excess of acetone cyanohydrin afford the corresponding α-cyano oximes, whose structure was solved by X-ray crystallography.
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