The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the exchange of carbon between the ocean and atmosphere over glacial–interglacial timescales. Hypotheses used to explain late Quaternary variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) implicate changes in the nutrient dynamics and circulation of the S...

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) plants grew healthily for 10 weeks under both Si-deficient and Si-replete conditions. After 10 weeks, plants grown under Si-deficient conditions succumbed to fungal infection. We have used NanoSIMS and fluorescence microscopy to investigate silica deposition in the ...

This report shows preliminary information on the presence of silicic acid species for formation of exoskeletons in order to mimic diatomaceous shell structures. Equilibrium constants (Kp) determined by electro-spray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are denoted as lnKp,ESI-MS. They provide r...

In soils, dispersion is a crucial step preceding the loss of clay-sized particles by surface run-off and leaching, which in turn results in soil degradation. Despite the fact that silicic acid is common in soil solutions, its effect on aggregation stability of fine sized particles in soils has n...

A new high efficiency inorganic–organic composite solid sorbent was developed by the simple impregnation of aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) on the nanoporous silicic acid (SiO(OH)2) for CO2 capture from flue gas. Experimental results revealed that amine loading amount, adsorption temperature, and...

The silicon transport and use inside cells are key processes for understanding how diatoms metabolize this element in the silica biogenic cycle in the ocean. A spin-probe electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study over time helped to investigate the interacting properties and the internalizatio...

There is good evidence that certain silicon-containing materials promote would healing and their common feature is the delivery of orthosilicic acid (Si(OH)4) either directly or following metabolism. In this respect, amorphous silica nanoparticles (NP), which dissolve in aqueous environments rel...

As part of a series of studies on the interaction between ferric ions and silicic acid in the hydrosphere, the adsorption of silicic acid on akaganeite was investigated kinetically at various pH values. The adsorption of silicic acid increased with increasing pH over an initial pH range of 4–11...

When constructing geological disposal systems for radioactive waste, saline groundwater, originating from fractured rock matrices surrounding disposal tunnels, may reduce bentonite swelling properties and accelerate radionuclide migration. In contrast, high alkaline groundwater, caused by the us...

New amorphous solutions MgySiO2+y-XH2 with the magnesium concentration varying from y = 0 to y = 0.88 were synthesized at a hydrogen pressure of 75 kbar and a temperature of 250 °C, followed by quenching to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The quenched samples were studied by thermal desorpt...

In this work, a sulfonated polystyrene sphere (SPS) based magnesium silicate nanocomposite ([email protected]x) with superior adsorption capability has been prepared for the removal of BPA, a kind of emerging pollution existed in various wastewaters. It was obtained by in situ growth of the Talc...

Lithium magnesium silicate (LMS) exhibits strong adsorbability, cohesiveness, suspensibility, chemical stability and good cation exchangeability, which was chosen in this work to modify Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) by simply mixing LZTO in LMS colloidal solution, followed by sintering at 750 °C for 5 h. T...

Chrysotile-type Mg3Si2O5·(OH)4 nanotubes (MgSi-NTs) were obtained (by a hydrothermal method) using different SiO2 sources. Sources of silica, as raw material, were varied from sodium silicate (typical preparation) to colloidal silica of 12–22 nm colloid size. Around 13 g of MgSi-NTs were prepa...

Indigo carmine in aqueous solution was effectively degraded using ZnO-Bi2O3/Graphitic Carbon Nitride heterojunction structure by visible light/H2O2 system. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of Indigo carmine shows the responsible species for the degradation of Indigo carmine in the ZnO...

Carminic acid (CA) contained in one kind of gummy candy was detected and quantified by using vibrational and electronic spectroscopy, respectively; the proposed methodology in solution is simple and rapid without sample pretreatment as usually used and reported. The identification of CA in candi...

Thermal treatment of mono- and disaccharides leads to the formation of a material colloquially referred to as caramel. In the process of heating, volatile compounds are formed producing a caramel aroma accompanied by a color change to dark brown leading to caramel color. Caramel color constitute...

Burning sugar delivers three types of products depending on applied temperature of the sugar processing. They are (i) a solid or semisolid mass for making candies and decoration of cakes pastries and other desserts; (ii) syrups for flavoring sauces, gravies, and some beverages; and (iii) liquid ...

Caramelization is a nonenzymatic browning reaction of sugars providing a caramel-like flavor during high temperature treatments of foods. A wide range of consecutive and parallel reactions may occur during heating of sugars, and the quantitative distribution of the intermediates and products dep...

Caramel is a dairy-based confection with a continuous phase consisting of amorphous sugars and dissolved dairy solids with proteins and fat globules dispersed throughout. In some caramels, sugar crystals are desirable for their contribution to texture. The crystals disrupt the continuous phase, ...

Increasing protein content is desirable in caramel, although the heating process during cooking sometimes leads to excessive protein aggregation, or “protein grain”. Caramels formulated from 0% to 7% protein were cooked to 10% moisture, using either increased cooking rate or holding time at 88...