Metabolic syndrome is associated with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and increased circulating levels of succinate, an intermediate of the Krebs cycle. The urothelium is an essential regulator of bladder muscle contraction. This study aimed to determine if GPR91, the succinate receptor, is ex...

Succinate is a versatile petrochemical compound that can be produced by microorganisms, often from carbohydrate based carbon sources. Phototrophic cyanobacteria including Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 can more efficiently produce organic acids such as succinate without sugar supplementation, via ph...

This article deals with the improvement of flame retardancy of polybutylene succinate (PBS) using isosorbide modified by sulfur, silicon or phosphorus as fire retardants (FRs). The syntheses of these FRs are detailed, and all molecules were analyzed by liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NM...

Ammonium succinate administration into the old rats increases the sum of adenine nucleotide and normalizes all indices of adenine nucleotide metabolism in the liver to the levels typical for the intact young animals.

The performance of CNTs with different amounts and dispersion states were explored in the flame retardant system as PBS/APP. Herein, A series of CNTs wrapped ammonium polyphosphate (named CAPP) were successfully prepared and characterized, and then blended into Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as ...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses lower carboxylic acids. The most important technique used for the chromatography of acids is ion-exchange chromatography. Such separations are because of the presence of carboxyl group, the ionogenic properties of which permit the separation of acids based...

Tracer experiments with 14C-labelled precursors in Iris × hollandica cv. Wedgwood, Roseda lutea L. and Reseda Odorata L. have demonstrated that 3-(3-carboxyphenyl)alanine and 3-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)alanine can be derived from the corresponding pyruvic acids, presumably by unspecific trans...

Dichlorotetrafluoroacetone has been used to prepare 4-substituted 2-bis (chlorodifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-5-one derivatives of mandelic acids which were found to be suitable for the analysis of these compounds by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC-NICIMS)...

The regio-, diastereo-, and π-facial selective Lewis acid mediated Diels–Alder reactions of cis/trans-3-butadienyl-2-azetidinones with unsymmetrical dienophiles viz. methyl acrylate, dimethyl fumarate, and acrolein leading to the synthesis of diastereomerically pure and biologically potent 1,3...

A new high-yielding protocol to prepare 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)octafluorobutane (1) on a multi-gram scale was realized. The relatively high melting point of 1 facilitated the determination of its single crystal X-ray structure. Reactivity studies determined that, under conditions tested thus far...

Sodium bis(trimethylstannyl)amide NaN(SnMe3)2, isolated by the reaction of trimethylstannyldiethylamine with sodium amide, reacts with tris(trimethylsilyl)hydrazino—dichloro-phosphine to form bis(trimethylsilyl)bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-phospha-2-tetrazene, (Me3Si)2N-N=P-N(SnMe3)2. Both the molec...

The influence of solvents on the lithiation of N-methyl-1,3-benzazaphospholes is reported; these are accessible via catalytic phosphonylation of 2-bromoanilines, subsequent reduction to 2-phosphinoanilines and acid-catalysed disproportionative ring closure with excess paraformaldehyde. Reactions...

The simple mixing of copper(I) compounds with bisphosphines led to the formation of copper(I) complexes with chelating or bridging bisphosphines. A wide vasriety of mononuclear, dinuclear, and polynuclear complexes result. The bisphosphine plays a key role in determining the nuclearity, coordina...

The development of chiral small organic molecules that serve as Lewis base catalysts promoting highly stereoselective transformations has been the subject of intense research over the past decades. As a matter of fact, among the plethora of molecules used as Lewis bases, chiral phosphine oxides ...

Tertiary phosphines (n-Bu3P, Ph3P) efficiently catalyze the vicinal bis-addition of dialkyl phosphites and diaryl phosphine oxides to alkynoates though the tandem α-umpolung/β-Michael addition. This reaction offers a simple metal-free method for gram-scale preparation of practically useful bis...

The Raman (3100 to 50 cm−1) spectra of the liquid and solid and the infrared (3100 to 50 cm−1) spectra of the gaseous and solid n-propyldichlorophosphine, C3H7PCl2, have been recorded. Additionally, the infrared (3100 to 400 cm−1) spectrum of the sample dissolved in liquid xenon has been obtaine...

An efficient route to prepare l-glucose and l-galactose is described. The l-sugars are achieved by using the strategy of switching the functional groups at C1 and C5 of d-glucose and d-mannose. The oxidation and reduction of the silyl enol ether at C1 and the lead(IV) tetraacetate mediated oxida...

The significance for anticariogenic sugar substitutes is growing due to increasing demands for dietary sugars and rising concerns of dental caries. Xylitol is widely used as an anticariogenic sugar substitute, but the inhibitory effects of xylitol on Streptococcus mutans, the main cause of tooth...

A homodimeric 75 kDa lectin with hemagglutination activity (HA) was purified from the crude latex of Euphorbia antiquorum L. by two types of chromatography, on cation exchange (HiTrap SP FF) and hydrophobic HiTrap Phenyl FF (high sub) columns. The purified protein was designated EantH, and is cl...

3,6-Anhydro-l-galactose (AHG) is a rare sugar found in red macroalgae. The key metabolic steps in AHG catabolism involve its oxidation into 3,6-anhydrogalactonate (AHGA), followed by cycloisomerization of AHGA into 2-keto-3-deoxy-galactonate. These steps were recently discovered in a marine bact...